Defect Interactions Through Periodic Boundaries in Two-Dimensional $p$-atics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Schimming, Cody D.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Schimming, Cody D.
author_facet Schimming, Cody D.
contents Periodic boundary conditions are a common theoretical and computational tool used to emulate effectively infinite domains. However, two-dimensional periodic domains are topologically distinct from the infinite plane, eliciting the question: How do periodic boundaries affect systems with topological properties themselves? In this work, I derive an analytical expression for the orientation fields of two-dimensional $p$-atic liquid crystals, systems with $p$-fold rotational symmetry, with topological defects in a flat domain subject to periodic boundary conditions. I show that this orientation field leads to an anomalous interaction between defects that deviates from the usual Coulomb interaction, which is confirmed through continuum simulations of nematic liquid crystals ($p = 2$). The interaction is understood as being mediated by non-singular topological solitons in the director field which are stabilized by the periodic boundary conditions. The results show the importance of considering domain topology, not only geometry, when analyzing interactions between topological defects.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_12597
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Defect Interactions Through Periodic Boundaries in Two-Dimensional $p$-atics
Schimming, Cody D.
Soft Condensed Matter
Periodic boundary conditions are a common theoretical and computational tool used to emulate effectively infinite domains. However, two-dimensional periodic domains are topologically distinct from the infinite plane, eliciting the question: How do periodic boundaries affect systems with topological properties themselves? In this work, I derive an analytical expression for the orientation fields of two-dimensional $p$-atic liquid crystals, systems with $p$-fold rotational symmetry, with topological defects in a flat domain subject to periodic boundary conditions. I show that this orientation field leads to an anomalous interaction between defects that deviates from the usual Coulomb interaction, which is confirmed through continuum simulations of nematic liquid crystals ($p = 2$). The interaction is understood as being mediated by non-singular topological solitons in the director field which are stabilized by the periodic boundary conditions. The results show the importance of considering domain topology, not only geometry, when analyzing interactions between topological defects.
title Defect Interactions Through Periodic Boundaries in Two-Dimensional $p$-atics
topic Soft Condensed Matter
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12597