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1. Verfasser: Saulières, Léo
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12599
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author Saulières, Léo
author_facet Saulières, Léo
contents The success of recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models has been accompanied by the opacity of their internal mechanisms, due notably to the use of deep neural networks. In order to understand these internal mechanisms and explain the output of these AI models, a set of methods have been proposed, grouped under the domain of eXplainable AI (XAI). This paper focuses on a sub-domain of XAI, called eXplainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL), which aims to explain the actions of an agent that has learned by reinforcement learning. We propose an intuitive taxonomy based on two questions "What" and "How". The first question focuses on the target that the method explains, while the second relates to the way the explanation is provided. We use this taxonomy to provide a state-of-the-art review of over 250 papers. In addition, we present a set of domains close to XRL, which we believe should get attention from the community. Finally, we identify some needs for the field of XRL.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_12599
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learning: Targets, Methods and Needs
Saulières, Léo
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
The success of recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models has been accompanied by the opacity of their internal mechanisms, due notably to the use of deep neural networks. In order to understand these internal mechanisms and explain the output of these AI models, a set of methods have been proposed, grouped under the domain of eXplainable AI (XAI). This paper focuses on a sub-domain of XAI, called eXplainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL), which aims to explain the actions of an agent that has learned by reinforcement learning. We propose an intuitive taxonomy based on two questions "What" and "How". The first question focuses on the target that the method explains, while the second relates to the way the explanation is provided. We use this taxonomy to provide a state-of-the-art review of over 250 papers. In addition, we present a set of domains close to XRL, which we believe should get attention from the community. Finally, we identify some needs for the field of XRL.
title A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learning: Targets, Methods and Needs
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12599