Finite-Dimensional Gaussian Approximation for Deep Neural Networks: Universality in Random Weights

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Balasubramanian, Krishnakumar, Ross, Nathan
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Balasubramanian, Krishnakumar
Ross, Nathan
author_facet Balasubramanian, Krishnakumar
Ross, Nathan
contents We study the Finite-Dimensional Distributions (FDDs) of deep neural networks with randomly initialized weights that have finite-order moments. Specifically, we establish Gaussian approximation bounds in the Wasserstein-$1$ norm between the FDDs and their Gaussian limit assuming a Lipschitz activation function and allowing the layer widths to grow to infinity at arbitrary relative rates. In the special case where all widths are proportional to a common scale parameter $n$ and there are $L-1$ hidden layers, we obtain convergence rates of order $n^{-({1}/{6})^{L-1} + ε}$, for any $ε> 0$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_12686
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Finite-Dimensional Gaussian Approximation for Deep Neural Networks: Universality in Random Weights
Balasubramanian, Krishnakumar
Ross, Nathan
Machine Learning
Probability
Statistics Theory
We study the Finite-Dimensional Distributions (FDDs) of deep neural networks with randomly initialized weights that have finite-order moments. Specifically, we establish Gaussian approximation bounds in the Wasserstein-$1$ norm between the FDDs and their Gaussian limit assuming a Lipschitz activation function and allowing the layer widths to grow to infinity at arbitrary relative rates. In the special case where all widths are proportional to a common scale parameter $n$ and there are $L-1$ hidden layers, we obtain convergence rates of order $n^{-({1}/{6})^{L-1} + ε}$, for any $ε> 0$.
title Finite-Dimensional Gaussian Approximation for Deep Neural Networks: Universality in Random Weights
topic Machine Learning
Probability
Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12686