Transformer-Based Person Identification via Wi-Fi CSI Amplitude and Phase Perturbations

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Avola, Danilo, Bernardini, Andrea, Danese, Francesco, Lezoche, Mario, Mancini, Maurizio, Pannone, Daniele, Ranaldi, Amedeo
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Avola, Danilo
Bernardini, Andrea
Danese, Francesco
Lezoche, Mario
Mancini, Maurizio
Pannone, Daniele
Ranaldi, Amedeo
author_facet Avola, Danilo
Bernardini, Andrea
Danese, Francesco
Lezoche, Mario
Mancini, Maurizio
Pannone, Daniele
Ranaldi, Amedeo
contents Wi-Fi sensing is gaining momentum as a non-intrusive and privacy-preserving alternative to vision-based systems for human identification. However, person identification through wireless signals, particularly without user motion, remains largely unexplored. Most prior wireless-based approaches rely on movement patterns, such as walking gait, to extract biometric cues. In contrast, we propose a transformer-based method that identifies individuals from Channel State Information (CSI) recorded while the subject remains stationary. CSI captures fine-grained amplitude and phase distortions induced by the unique interaction between the human body and the radio signal. To support evaluation, we introduce a dataset acquired with ESP32 devices in a controlled indoor environment, featuring six participants observed across multiple orientations. A tailored preprocessing pipeline, including outlier removal, smoothing, and phase calibration, enhances signal quality. Our dual-branch transformer architecture processes amplitude and phase modalities separately and achieves 99.82\% classification accuracy, outperforming convolutional and multilayer perceptron baselines. These results demonstrate the discriminative potential of CSI perturbations, highlighting their capacity to encode biometric traits in a consistent manner. They further confirm the viability of passive, device-free person identification using low-cost commodity Wi-Fi hardware in real-world settings.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_12854
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transformer-Based Person Identification via Wi-Fi CSI Amplitude and Phase Perturbations
Avola, Danilo
Bernardini, Andrea
Danese, Francesco
Lezoche, Mario
Mancini, Maurizio
Pannone, Daniele
Ranaldi, Amedeo
Machine Learning
Wi-Fi sensing is gaining momentum as a non-intrusive and privacy-preserving alternative to vision-based systems for human identification. However, person identification through wireless signals, particularly without user motion, remains largely unexplored. Most prior wireless-based approaches rely on movement patterns, such as walking gait, to extract biometric cues. In contrast, we propose a transformer-based method that identifies individuals from Channel State Information (CSI) recorded while the subject remains stationary. CSI captures fine-grained amplitude and phase distortions induced by the unique interaction between the human body and the radio signal. To support evaluation, we introduce a dataset acquired with ESP32 devices in a controlled indoor environment, featuring six participants observed across multiple orientations. A tailored preprocessing pipeline, including outlier removal, smoothing, and phase calibration, enhances signal quality. Our dual-branch transformer architecture processes amplitude and phase modalities separately and achieves 99.82\% classification accuracy, outperforming convolutional and multilayer perceptron baselines. These results demonstrate the discriminative potential of CSI perturbations, highlighting their capacity to encode biometric traits in a consistent manner. They further confirm the viability of passive, device-free person identification using low-cost commodity Wi-Fi hardware in real-world settings.
title Transformer-Based Person Identification via Wi-Fi CSI Amplitude and Phase Perturbations
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12854