The Double-Episode Jet Genesis of the eROSITA and Fermi Bubbles
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866918362260439040 |
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| author | Zhang, Ruiyu Guo, Fulai Xie, Shaokun Zhang, Ruofei Wang, Shumin Mou, Guobin Duan, Xiaodong |
| author_facet | Zhang, Ruiyu Guo, Fulai Xie, Shaokun Zhang, Ruofei Wang, Shumin Mou, Guobin Duan, Xiaodong |
| contents | The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles are giant gamma-ray and X-ray lobes in the Milky Way, extending up to $\sim$50° and ~$\sim$80° in galactic latitude, respectively, yet their origins remain debated. Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we investigate a scenario in which two temporally separated episodes of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets launched from the Galactic center produce the bubbles, with each structure bounded by a forward shock. Our simulations reveal that the first jet pair, launched 15 Myr ago, forms the outer eROSITA bubbles (extending to $\sim$18 kpc), while the second, launched 5 Myr ago, creates the nested Fermi bubbles ($\sim$10 kpc height). This model broadly reproduces the observed elongated morphology, multi-band X-ray surface brightness distribution, O VIII/O VII line ratios, radio ridge structures, and gamma-ray emissions of the bubbles. Cosmic-ray electrons are accelerated \textit{in situ} at the shock fronts, explaining the sharp edges and nearly uniform gamma-ray surface brightness distribution of Fermi bubbles. The results suggest that the eROSITA and Fermi bubbles encode a time-resolved record of episodic AGN activity in the Galactic center, providing a physically motivated framework for interpreting their multi-wavelength properties. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_13665 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Double-Episode Jet Genesis of the eROSITA and Fermi Bubbles Zhang, Ruiyu Guo, Fulai Xie, Shaokun Zhang, Ruofei Wang, Shumin Mou, Guobin Duan, Xiaodong High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles are giant gamma-ray and X-ray lobes in the Milky Way, extending up to $\sim$50° and ~$\sim$80° in galactic latitude, respectively, yet their origins remain debated. Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we investigate a scenario in which two temporally separated episodes of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets launched from the Galactic center produce the bubbles, with each structure bounded by a forward shock. Our simulations reveal that the first jet pair, launched 15 Myr ago, forms the outer eROSITA bubbles (extending to $\sim$18 kpc), while the second, launched 5 Myr ago, creates the nested Fermi bubbles ($\sim$10 kpc height). This model broadly reproduces the observed elongated morphology, multi-band X-ray surface brightness distribution, O VIII/O VII line ratios, radio ridge structures, and gamma-ray emissions of the bubbles. Cosmic-ray electrons are accelerated \textit{in situ} at the shock fronts, explaining the sharp edges and nearly uniform gamma-ray surface brightness distribution of Fermi bubbles. The results suggest that the eROSITA and Fermi bubbles encode a time-resolved record of episodic AGN activity in the Galactic center, providing a physically motivated framework for interpreting their multi-wavelength properties. |
| title | The Double-Episode Jet Genesis of the eROSITA and Fermi Bubbles |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13665 |