SkySense V2: A Unified Foundation Model for Multi-modal Remote Sensing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Yingying, Ru, Lixiang, Wu, Kang, Yu, Lei, Liang, Lei, Li, Yansheng, Chen, Jingdong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Yingying
Ru, Lixiang
Wu, Kang
Yu, Lei
Liang, Lei
Li, Yansheng
Chen, Jingdong
author_facet Zhang, Yingying
Ru, Lixiang
Wu, Kang
Yu, Lei
Liang, Lei
Li, Yansheng
Chen, Jingdong
contents The multi-modal remote sensing foundation model (MM-RSFM) has significantly advanced various Earth observation tasks, such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and natural disaster management. However, most existing approaches generally require the training of separate backbone networks for each data modality, leading to redundancy and inefficient parameter utilization. Moreover, prevalent pre-training methods typically apply self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques from natural images without adequately accommodating the characteristics of remote sensing (RS) images, such as the complicated semantic distribution within a single RS image. In this work, we present SkySense V2, a unified MM-RSFM that employs a single transformer backbone to handle multiple modalities. This backbone is pre-trained with a novel SSL strategy tailored to the distinct traits of RS data. In particular, SkySense V2 incorporates an innovative adaptive patch merging module and learnable modality prompt tokens to address challenges related to varying resolutions and limited feature diversity across modalities. In additional, we incorporate the mixture of experts (MoE) module to further enhance the performance of the foundation model. SkySense V2 demonstrates impressive generalization abilities through an extensive evaluation involving 16 datasets over 7 tasks, outperforming SkySense by an average of 1.8 points.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_13812
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SkySense V2: A Unified Foundation Model for Multi-modal Remote Sensing
Zhang, Yingying
Ru, Lixiang
Wu, Kang
Yu, Lei
Liang, Lei
Li, Yansheng
Chen, Jingdong
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
The multi-modal remote sensing foundation model (MM-RSFM) has significantly advanced various Earth observation tasks, such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and natural disaster management. However, most existing approaches generally require the training of separate backbone networks for each data modality, leading to redundancy and inefficient parameter utilization. Moreover, prevalent pre-training methods typically apply self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques from natural images without adequately accommodating the characteristics of remote sensing (RS) images, such as the complicated semantic distribution within a single RS image. In this work, we present SkySense V2, a unified MM-RSFM that employs a single transformer backbone to handle multiple modalities. This backbone is pre-trained with a novel SSL strategy tailored to the distinct traits of RS data. In particular, SkySense V2 incorporates an innovative adaptive patch merging module and learnable modality prompt tokens to address challenges related to varying resolutions and limited feature diversity across modalities. In additional, we incorporate the mixture of experts (MoE) module to further enhance the performance of the foundation model. SkySense V2 demonstrates impressive generalization abilities through an extensive evaluation involving 16 datasets over 7 tasks, outperforming SkySense by an average of 1.8 points.
title SkySense V2: A Unified Foundation Model for Multi-modal Remote Sensing
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13812