Treedepth Inapproximability and Exponential ETH Lower Bound

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Bonnet, Édouard, Neuen, Daniel, Sokołowski, Marek
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Bonnet, Édouard
Neuen, Daniel
Sokołowski, Marek
author_facet Bonnet, Édouard
Neuen, Daniel
Sokołowski, Marek
contents Treedepth is a central parameter to algorithmic graph theory. The current state-of-the-art in computing and approximating treedepth consists of a $2^{O(k^2)} n$-time exact algorithm and a polynomial-time $O(\text{OPT} \log^{3/2} \text{OPT})$-approximation algorithm, where the former algorithm returns an elimination forest of height $k$ (witnessing that treedepth is at most $k$) for the $n$-vertex input graph $G$, or correctly reports that $G$ has treedepth larger than $k$, and $\text{OPT}$ is the actual value of the treedepth. On the complexity side, exactly computing treedepth is NP-complete, but the known reductions do not rule out a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS), and under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) only exclude a running time of $2^{o(\sqrt n)}$ for exact algorithms. We show that 1.0003-approximating treedepth is NP-hard, and that exactly computing the treedepth of an $n$-vertex graph requires time $2^{Ω(n)}$, unless the ETH fails. We further derive that there exist absolute constants $δ, c > 0$ such that any $(1+δ)$-approximation algorithm requires time $2^{Ω(n / \log^c n)}$. We do so via a simple direct reduction from Satisfiability to Treedepth, inspired by a reduction recently designed for Treewidth [STOC '25].
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_13818
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Treedepth Inapproximability and Exponential ETH Lower Bound
Bonnet, Édouard
Neuen, Daniel
Sokołowski, Marek
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Treedepth is a central parameter to algorithmic graph theory. The current state-of-the-art in computing and approximating treedepth consists of a $2^{O(k^2)} n$-time exact algorithm and a polynomial-time $O(\text{OPT} \log^{3/2} \text{OPT})$-approximation algorithm, where the former algorithm returns an elimination forest of height $k$ (witnessing that treedepth is at most $k$) for the $n$-vertex input graph $G$, or correctly reports that $G$ has treedepth larger than $k$, and $\text{OPT}$ is the actual value of the treedepth. On the complexity side, exactly computing treedepth is NP-complete, but the known reductions do not rule out a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS), and under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) only exclude a running time of $2^{o(\sqrt n)}$ for exact algorithms. We show that 1.0003-approximating treedepth is NP-hard, and that exactly computing the treedepth of an $n$-vertex graph requires time $2^{Ω(n)}$, unless the ETH fails. We further derive that there exist absolute constants $δ, c > 0$ such that any $(1+δ)$-approximation algorithm requires time $2^{Ω(n / \log^c n)}$. We do so via a simple direct reduction from Satisfiability to Treedepth, inspired by a reduction recently designed for Treewidth [STOC '25].
title Treedepth Inapproximability and Exponential ETH Lower Bound
topic Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13818