Individual-Based Foundation of SIR-Type Epidemic Models: mean-field limit and large time behaviour

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Martalò, Giorgio, Toscani, Giuseppe, Zanella, Mattia
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Martalò, Giorgio
Toscani, Giuseppe
Zanella, Mattia
author_facet Martalò, Giorgio
Toscani, Giuseppe
Zanella, Mattia
contents We introduce a kinetic framework for modeling the time evolution of the statistical distributions of the population densities in the three compartments of susceptible, infectious, and recovered individuals, under epidemic spreading driven by susceptible-infectious interactions. The model is based on a system of Boltzmann-type equations describing binary interactions between susceptible and infectious individuals, supplemented with linear redistribution operators that account for recovery and reinfection dynamics. The mean values of the kinetic system recover a SIR-type model with reinfection, where the macroscopic parameters are explicitly derived from the underlying microscopic interaction rules. In the grazing collision regime, the Boltzmann system can be approximated by a system of coupled Fokker-Planck equations. This limit allows for a more tractable analysis of the dynamics, including the large-time behavior of the population densities. In this context, we rigorously prove the convergence to equilibrium of the resulting mean-field system in a suitable Sobolev space by means of the so-called energy distance. The analysis reveals the dissipative structure of the dynamics and the role of the interaction terms in driving the system toward a stable equilibrium configuration. These results provide a multi-scale perspective connecting kinetic theory with classical epidemic models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_13947
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Individual-Based Foundation of SIR-Type Epidemic Models: mean-field limit and large time behaviour
Martalò, Giorgio
Toscani, Giuseppe
Zanella, Mattia
Analysis of PDEs
Mathematical Physics
35Q84, 35Q20, 35Q82, 82C40, 92D30
We introduce a kinetic framework for modeling the time evolution of the statistical distributions of the population densities in the three compartments of susceptible, infectious, and recovered individuals, under epidemic spreading driven by susceptible-infectious interactions. The model is based on a system of Boltzmann-type equations describing binary interactions between susceptible and infectious individuals, supplemented with linear redistribution operators that account for recovery and reinfection dynamics. The mean values of the kinetic system recover a SIR-type model with reinfection, where the macroscopic parameters are explicitly derived from the underlying microscopic interaction rules. In the grazing collision regime, the Boltzmann system can be approximated by a system of coupled Fokker-Planck equations. This limit allows for a more tractable analysis of the dynamics, including the large-time behavior of the population densities. In this context, we rigorously prove the convergence to equilibrium of the resulting mean-field system in a suitable Sobolev space by means of the so-called energy distance. The analysis reveals the dissipative structure of the dynamics and the role of the interaction terms in driving the system toward a stable equilibrium configuration. These results provide a multi-scale perspective connecting kinetic theory with classical epidemic models.
title Individual-Based Foundation of SIR-Type Epidemic Models: mean-field limit and large time behaviour
topic Analysis of PDEs
Mathematical Physics
35Q84, 35Q20, 35Q82, 82C40, 92D30
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13947