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Main Authors: Yang, Xin, Fang, Chen, Liao, Yunlai, Yang, Jian, Gryllias, Konstantinos, Chronopoulos, Dimitrios
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15026
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author Yang, Xin
Fang, Chen
Liao, Yunlai
Yang, Jian
Gryllias, Konstantinos
Chronopoulos, Dimitrios
author_facet Yang, Xin
Fang, Chen
Liao, Yunlai
Yang, Jian
Gryllias, Konstantinos
Chronopoulos, Dimitrios
contents Condition and structural health monitoring (CM/SHM) is a pivotal component of predictive maintenance (PdM) strategies across diverse industrial sectors, including mechanical rotating machinery, aircraft structures, wind turbines, and civil infrastructures. Conventional deep learning models, while effective for fault diagnosis and anomaly detection through automatic feature learning from sensor data, often struggle with operational variability, imbalanced or scarce fault datasets, and multimodal sensory data from complex systems. Deep generative models (DGMs) including deep autoregressive models, variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, diffusion-based models, and emerging large language models, offer transformative capabilities by synthesizing high-fidelity data samples, reconstructing latent system states, and modeling complex multimodal data streams. This review systematically examines state-of-the-art DGM applications in CM/SHM across the four main industrial systems mentioned above, emphasizing their roles in addressing key challenges: data generation, domain adaptation and generalization, multimodal data fusion, and downstream fault diagnosis and anomaly detection tasks, with rigorous comparison among signal processing, conventional machine learning or deep learning models, and DGMs. Lastly, we discuss current limitations of DGMs, including challenges of explainable and trustworthy models, computational inefficiencies for edge deployment, and the need for parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategies. Future research directions can focus on zero-shot and few-shot learning, robust multimodal data generation, hybrid architectures integrating DGMs with physics knowledge, and reinforcement learning with DGMs to enhance robustness and accuracy in industrial scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_15026
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Deep Generative Models in Condition and Structural Health Monitoring: Opportunities, Limitations and Future Outlook
Yang, Xin
Fang, Chen
Liao, Yunlai
Yang, Jian
Gryllias, Konstantinos
Chronopoulos, Dimitrios
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Condition and structural health monitoring (CM/SHM) is a pivotal component of predictive maintenance (PdM) strategies across diverse industrial sectors, including mechanical rotating machinery, aircraft structures, wind turbines, and civil infrastructures. Conventional deep learning models, while effective for fault diagnosis and anomaly detection through automatic feature learning from sensor data, often struggle with operational variability, imbalanced or scarce fault datasets, and multimodal sensory data from complex systems. Deep generative models (DGMs) including deep autoregressive models, variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, diffusion-based models, and emerging large language models, offer transformative capabilities by synthesizing high-fidelity data samples, reconstructing latent system states, and modeling complex multimodal data streams. This review systematically examines state-of-the-art DGM applications in CM/SHM across the four main industrial systems mentioned above, emphasizing their roles in addressing key challenges: data generation, domain adaptation and generalization, multimodal data fusion, and downstream fault diagnosis and anomaly detection tasks, with rigorous comparison among signal processing, conventional machine learning or deep learning models, and DGMs. Lastly, we discuss current limitations of DGMs, including challenges of explainable and trustworthy models, computational inefficiencies for edge deployment, and the need for parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategies. Future research directions can focus on zero-shot and few-shot learning, robust multimodal data generation, hybrid architectures integrating DGMs with physics knowledge, and reinforcement learning with DGMs to enhance robustness and accuracy in industrial scenarios.
title Deep Generative Models in Condition and Structural Health Monitoring: Opportunities, Limitations and Future Outlook
topic Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15026