Global-scale quantum networking using hybrid-channel quantum repeaters with relays based on a chain of balloons
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866910028423757824 |
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| author | Liu, Pei-Xi Lin, Yu-Ping Zhou, Zong-Quan Li, Chuan-Feng Guo, Guang-Can |
| author_facet | Liu, Pei-Xi Lin, Yu-Ping Zhou, Zong-Quan Li, Chuan-Feng Guo, Guang-Can |
| contents | Global-scale entanglement distribution has been a formidable challenge due to the unavoidable losses in communication channels. Here, we propose a novel backbone channel for quantum network based on balloon-based aerial relays. We demonstrate for the first time that the atmospheric disturbances in balloon-based channels can be almost eliminated through optimizing beam waist positions and employing a series of adaptive optics systems, which boosts the channel efficiency to -21 dB over a 10,000 km distance, outperforming satellite-based relays by 12 dB with same device parameters. We then propose a global-scale quantum networking scheme based on hybrid-channel quantum repeaters that combine ground-based quantum repeaters and balloon-based aerial relays. Servers are interconnected globally via a chain of balloons, while clients link to local servers through fiber connections, facilitating rapid client switching and network scalability. Our simulations, employing state-of-the-art Eu$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ quantum memories and mature entanglement sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, demonstrate an entanglement distribution rate in the sub-Hertz range between clients separated by 10,000 km. This approach offers a practical path toward global quantum networking in the near future. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_15178 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Global-scale quantum networking using hybrid-channel quantum repeaters with relays based on a chain of balloons Liu, Pei-Xi Lin, Yu-Ping Zhou, Zong-Quan Li, Chuan-Feng Guo, Guang-Can Quantum Physics Global-scale entanglement distribution has been a formidable challenge due to the unavoidable losses in communication channels. Here, we propose a novel backbone channel for quantum network based on balloon-based aerial relays. We demonstrate for the first time that the atmospheric disturbances in balloon-based channels can be almost eliminated through optimizing beam waist positions and employing a series of adaptive optics systems, which boosts the channel efficiency to -21 dB over a 10,000 km distance, outperforming satellite-based relays by 12 dB with same device parameters. We then propose a global-scale quantum networking scheme based on hybrid-channel quantum repeaters that combine ground-based quantum repeaters and balloon-based aerial relays. Servers are interconnected globally via a chain of balloons, while clients link to local servers through fiber connections, facilitating rapid client switching and network scalability. Our simulations, employing state-of-the-art Eu$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ quantum memories and mature entanglement sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, demonstrate an entanglement distribution rate in the sub-Hertz range between clients separated by 10,000 km. This approach offers a practical path toward global quantum networking in the near future. |
| title | Global-scale quantum networking using hybrid-channel quantum repeaters with relays based on a chain of balloons |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15178 |