Optimal strategies for transient and equilibrium quantum thermometry using Gaussian and non-Gaussian probes
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866915673731497984 |
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| author | Ullah, Asghar Naseem, M. Tahir Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E. |
| author_facet | Ullah, Asghar Naseem, M. Tahir Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E. |
| contents | We study temperature estimation using quantum probes, including single-mode initial states and two-mode states generated via stimulated parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal at finite temperature. We explore both transient and equilibrium regimes and compare the performance of Gaussian and non-Gaussian probe states for temperature estimation. In the non-equilibrium regime, we show that single-mode non-Gaussian probe states - such as Fock, odd cat, and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states - can significantly enhance the speed of estimation, particularly at short interaction times. In the two-mode setting, entangled states such as the two-mode squeezed vacuum, NOON state, and entangled cat state can enable access to temperature information at earlier times. In the equilibrium regime, we analyze temperature estimation using two-mode squeezed thermal states, which outperform single-mode strategies. We evaluate practical measurement strategies and find that energy-based observables yield optimal precision, population difference observables provide near-optimal precision, while quadrature-based measurements are suboptimal. The precision gain arises from squeezing, which suppresses fluctuations in the population difference. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_15458 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Optimal strategies for transient and equilibrium quantum thermometry using Gaussian and non-Gaussian probes Ullah, Asghar Naseem, M. Tahir Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E. Quantum Physics We study temperature estimation using quantum probes, including single-mode initial states and two-mode states generated via stimulated parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal at finite temperature. We explore both transient and equilibrium regimes and compare the performance of Gaussian and non-Gaussian probe states for temperature estimation. In the non-equilibrium regime, we show that single-mode non-Gaussian probe states - such as Fock, odd cat, and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states - can significantly enhance the speed of estimation, particularly at short interaction times. In the two-mode setting, entangled states such as the two-mode squeezed vacuum, NOON state, and entangled cat state can enable access to temperature information at earlier times. In the equilibrium regime, we analyze temperature estimation using two-mode squeezed thermal states, which outperform single-mode strategies. We evaluate practical measurement strategies and find that energy-based observables yield optimal precision, population difference observables provide near-optimal precision, while quadrature-based measurements are suboptimal. The precision gain arises from squeezing, which suppresses fluctuations in the population difference. |
| title | Optimal strategies for transient and equilibrium quantum thermometry using Gaussian and non-Gaussian probes |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15458 |