_version_ 1866915404123734016
author Yukawa, Ryu
Mizuseki, Hiroshi
Putro, Suryo Santoso
Lee, Yé-Jin L.
Masutake, Yuuki
Telengut, Hinako
Li, Boxuan
Yamamoto, Hajime
Abukawa, Tadashi
Yoshida, Junya
Kochurikhin, Vladimir V.
Tomida, Taketoshi
Kitahara, Masanori
Horiai, Takahiko
Yoshikawa, Akira
Sarukura, Nobuhiko
Chikumoto, Noriko
Shimizu, Toshihiko
Cadatal-Raduban, Marilou
Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki
Kohno, Ryuhei
Kumigashira, Hiroshi
Nakamura, Takuto
Kanda, Tatsuhiko
Yasui, Akira
Kitamura, Miho
Iwasawa, Hideaki
Horiba, Koji
Ozawa, Kenichi
author_facet Yukawa, Ryu
Mizuseki, Hiroshi
Putro, Suryo Santoso
Lee, Yé-Jin L.
Masutake, Yuuki
Telengut, Hinako
Li, Boxuan
Yamamoto, Hajime
Abukawa, Tadashi
Yoshida, Junya
Kochurikhin, Vladimir V.
Tomida, Taketoshi
Kitahara, Masanori
Horiai, Takahiko
Yoshikawa, Akira
Sarukura, Nobuhiko
Chikumoto, Noriko
Shimizu, Toshihiko
Cadatal-Raduban, Marilou
Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki
Kohno, Ryuhei
Kumigashira, Hiroshi
Nakamura, Takuto
Kanda, Tatsuhiko
Yasui, Akira
Kitamura, Miho
Iwasawa, Hideaki
Horiba, Koji
Ozawa, Kenichi
contents Ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors promise to revolutionize power electronics, yet a fundamental understanding of their interfacial electronic structure has been hindered by the absence of direct experimental observation. Here, we report the first momentum-resolved observation of two-dimensional electron systems on a UWBG material, enabled by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on high-purity $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ single crystals. Alkaline-metal-induced electron doping forms an isotropic circular Fermi surface, achieving a sheet carrier density of up to $1.0\times10^{14}$ $\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. Self-consistent Poisson-Schrödinger calculations show that the electrons are confined within 1.2 nm of the surface and reveal an internal electric field of $18$ MV cm$^{-1}$. Crucially, our measurements reveal a pronounced renormalization of the electronic band structure: a series of carrier-density-dependent ARPES measurements shows that as the carrier density increases from $2\times10^{13}$ to $1.0\times10^{14}$ $\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$, the effective mass anomalously increases, nearly doubling to a final value of 0.48 $\textit{m}_{\mathrm{e}}$. This trend is notably opposite to that reported for other oxide semiconductors, pointing towards a unique renormalization mechanism in $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$. Our findings establish the interfacial electronic structure of $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ and demonstrate that UWBG materials provide fertile ground for exploring carrier-density-driven electronic phenomena, opening new avenues for future quantum and power devices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_16137
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unveiling two-dimensional electron systems on ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor $\mathrmβ$-Ga$_2$O$_3$
Yukawa, Ryu
Mizuseki, Hiroshi
Putro, Suryo Santoso
Lee, Yé-Jin L.
Masutake, Yuuki
Telengut, Hinako
Li, Boxuan
Yamamoto, Hajime
Abukawa, Tadashi
Yoshida, Junya
Kochurikhin, Vladimir V.
Tomida, Taketoshi
Kitahara, Masanori
Horiai, Takahiko
Yoshikawa, Akira
Sarukura, Nobuhiko
Chikumoto, Noriko
Shimizu, Toshihiko
Cadatal-Raduban, Marilou
Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki
Kohno, Ryuhei
Kumigashira, Hiroshi
Nakamura, Takuto
Kanda, Tatsuhiko
Yasui, Akira
Kitamura, Miho
Iwasawa, Hideaki
Horiba, Koji
Ozawa, Kenichi
Materials Science
Ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors promise to revolutionize power electronics, yet a fundamental understanding of their interfacial electronic structure has been hindered by the absence of direct experimental observation. Here, we report the first momentum-resolved observation of two-dimensional electron systems on a UWBG material, enabled by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on high-purity $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ single crystals. Alkaline-metal-induced electron doping forms an isotropic circular Fermi surface, achieving a sheet carrier density of up to $1.0\times10^{14}$ $\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. Self-consistent Poisson-Schrödinger calculations show that the electrons are confined within 1.2 nm of the surface and reveal an internal electric field of $18$ MV cm$^{-1}$. Crucially, our measurements reveal a pronounced renormalization of the electronic band structure: a series of carrier-density-dependent ARPES measurements shows that as the carrier density increases from $2\times10^{13}$ to $1.0\times10^{14}$ $\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$, the effective mass anomalously increases, nearly doubling to a final value of 0.48 $\textit{m}_{\mathrm{e}}$. This trend is notably opposite to that reported for other oxide semiconductors, pointing towards a unique renormalization mechanism in $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$. Our findings establish the interfacial electronic structure of $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ and demonstrate that UWBG materials provide fertile ground for exploring carrier-density-driven electronic phenomena, opening new avenues for future quantum and power devices.
title Unveiling two-dimensional electron systems on ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor $\mathrmβ$-Ga$_2$O$_3$
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16137