Negativity Percolation in Continuous-Variable Quantum Networks
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866910046791663616 |
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| author | Zhao, Yaqi He, Kan Zhang, Yongtao Hou, Jinchuan Gao, Jianxi Havlin, Shlomo Meng, Xiangyi |
| author_facet | Zhao, Yaqi He, Kan Zhang, Yongtao Hou, Jinchuan Gao, Jianxi Havlin, Shlomo Meng, Xiangyi |
| contents | Quantum networks (QNs) have been predominantly driven by discrete-variable (DV) architectures. Yet, optical platforms naturally generate Gaussian states--the common states of continuous-variable (CV) systems, making CV-based QNs an attractive route toward scalable, chip-integrated quantum computation and communication. To bridge the gap between well-studied DV entanglement percolation theories and their CV counterpart, we introduce a Gaussian-to-Gaussian entanglement distribution scheme that deterministically transports two-mode squeezed vacuum states across large CV networks. Analysis of the scheme's collective behavior using statistical-physics methods reveals a new form of entanglement percolation--negativity percolation theory (NegPT)--characterized by a bounded entanglement measure called the ratio negativity. We discover that NegPT exhibits a mixed-order phase transition, marked simultaneously by both an abrupt change in global entanglement and a long-range correlation between nodes. This distinctive behavior places CV-based QNs in a new universality class, fundamentally distinct from DV systems. Additionally, the abruptness of this transition introduces a critical vulnerability of CV-based QNs: conventional feedback mechanism becomes inherently unstable near the threshold, highlighting practical implications for stabilizing large-scale CV-based QNs. Our results unify statistical models for CV-based entanglement distribution and uncover previously unexplored critical phenomena unique to CV systems, providing valuable insights and guidelines essential for developing robust, feedback-stabilized QNs. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_16417 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Negativity Percolation in Continuous-Variable Quantum Networks Zhao, Yaqi He, Kan Zhang, Yongtao Hou, Jinchuan Gao, Jianxi Havlin, Shlomo Meng, Xiangyi Quantum Physics Quantum networks (QNs) have been predominantly driven by discrete-variable (DV) architectures. Yet, optical platforms naturally generate Gaussian states--the common states of continuous-variable (CV) systems, making CV-based QNs an attractive route toward scalable, chip-integrated quantum computation and communication. To bridge the gap between well-studied DV entanglement percolation theories and their CV counterpart, we introduce a Gaussian-to-Gaussian entanglement distribution scheme that deterministically transports two-mode squeezed vacuum states across large CV networks. Analysis of the scheme's collective behavior using statistical-physics methods reveals a new form of entanglement percolation--negativity percolation theory (NegPT)--characterized by a bounded entanglement measure called the ratio negativity. We discover that NegPT exhibits a mixed-order phase transition, marked simultaneously by both an abrupt change in global entanglement and a long-range correlation between nodes. This distinctive behavior places CV-based QNs in a new universality class, fundamentally distinct from DV systems. Additionally, the abruptness of this transition introduces a critical vulnerability of CV-based QNs: conventional feedback mechanism becomes inherently unstable near the threshold, highlighting practical implications for stabilizing large-scale CV-based QNs. Our results unify statistical models for CV-based entanglement distribution and uncover previously unexplored critical phenomena unique to CV systems, providing valuable insights and guidelines essential for developing robust, feedback-stabilized QNs. |
| title | Negativity Percolation in Continuous-Variable Quantum Networks |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16417 |