Depression as a disorder of distributional coding

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Botvinick, Matthew, Kurth-Nelson, Zeb, Muller, Timothy, Dabney, Will
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Botvinick, Matthew
Kurth-Nelson, Zeb
Muller, Timothy
Dabney, Will
author_facet Botvinick, Matthew
Kurth-Nelson, Zeb
Muller, Timothy
Dabney, Will
contents Major depressive disorder persistently stands as a major public health problem. While some progress has been made toward effective treatments, the neural mechanisms that give rise to the disorder remain poorly understood. In this Perspective, we put forward a new theory of the pathophysiology of depression. More precisely, we spotlight three previously separate bodies of research, showing how they can be fit together into a previously overlooked larger picture. The first piece of the puzzle is provided by pathophysiology research implicating dopamine in depression. The second piece, coming from computational psychiatry, links depression with a special form of reinforcement learning. The third and final piece involves recent work at the intersection of artificial intelligence and basic neuroscience research, indicating that the brain may represent value using a distributional code. Fitting these three pieces together yields a new model of depression's pathophysiology, which spans circuit, systems, computational and behavioral levels, opening up new directions for research.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_16598
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Depression as a disorder of distributional coding
Botvinick, Matthew
Kurth-Nelson, Zeb
Muller, Timothy
Dabney, Will
Neurons and Cognition
Major depressive disorder persistently stands as a major public health problem. While some progress has been made toward effective treatments, the neural mechanisms that give rise to the disorder remain poorly understood. In this Perspective, we put forward a new theory of the pathophysiology of depression. More precisely, we spotlight three previously separate bodies of research, showing how they can be fit together into a previously overlooked larger picture. The first piece of the puzzle is provided by pathophysiology research implicating dopamine in depression. The second piece, coming from computational psychiatry, links depression with a special form of reinforcement learning. The third and final piece involves recent work at the intersection of artificial intelligence and basic neuroscience research, indicating that the brain may represent value using a distributional code. Fitting these three pieces together yields a new model of depression's pathophysiology, which spans circuit, systems, computational and behavioral levels, opening up new directions for research.
title Depression as a disorder of distributional coding
topic Neurons and Cognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16598