Sub-Terahertz Spin Relaxation Dynamics of Boron-Vacancy Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Solanki, Abhishek Bharatbhai Wu, Yueh-Chun Ather, Hamza Adhikary, Priyo Shankar, Aravindh Gallagher, Ian Gao, Xingyu Matthiessen, Owen M. Sychev, Demid Lagoutchev, Alexei Li, Tongcang Chen, Yong P. Shalaev, Vladimir M. Lawrie, Benjamin Upadhyaya, Pramey |
| author_facet | Solanki, Abhishek Bharatbhai Wu, Yueh-Chun Ather, Hamza Adhikary, Priyo Shankar, Aravindh Gallagher, Ian Gao, Xingyu Matthiessen, Owen M. Sychev, Demid Lagoutchev, Alexei Li, Tongcang Chen, Yong P. Shalaev, Vladimir M. Lawrie, Benjamin Upadhyaya, Pramey |
| contents | Quantum sensors based on spin-defect relaxation have become powerful tools for detecting faint magnetic signals, yet their operation has remained largely confined to low magnetic fields and gigahertz frequencies. Extending such sensors into high-field ($> 0.3$ T) and sub-terahertz regimes would enable quantum metrology across a wide range of electromagnetic phenomena and scientific applications, but has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that negatively charged boron vacancies ($\mathrm{V_B^-}$) in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride can function as relaxation-based quantum sensors operating up to 0.2 terahertz. Their uniform spin-orientation and persistent spin-contrast at high fields enable direct measurement of intrinsic spin relaxation across previously unexplored temperature and frequency regimes. We also reveal a crossover in relaxation behavior \textemdash initially decreasing at low fields before rising at higher fields \textemdash consistent with the emergence of single-phonon-induced resonant noise that becomes significant at sub-terahertz frequencies. These results establish $\mathrm{V_B^-}$ centers as a versatile platform for quantum sensing in the sub-terahertz, high-field regime. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_16786 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Sub-Terahertz Spin Relaxation Dynamics of Boron-Vacancy Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Solanki, Abhishek Bharatbhai Wu, Yueh-Chun Ather, Hamza Adhikary, Priyo Shankar, Aravindh Gallagher, Ian Gao, Xingyu Matthiessen, Owen M. Sychev, Demid Lagoutchev, Alexei Li, Tongcang Chen, Yong P. Shalaev, Vladimir M. Lawrie, Benjamin Upadhyaya, Pramey Quantum Physics Quantum sensors based on spin-defect relaxation have become powerful tools for detecting faint magnetic signals, yet their operation has remained largely confined to low magnetic fields and gigahertz frequencies. Extending such sensors into high-field ($> 0.3$ T) and sub-terahertz regimes would enable quantum metrology across a wide range of electromagnetic phenomena and scientific applications, but has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that negatively charged boron vacancies ($\mathrm{V_B^-}$) in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride can function as relaxation-based quantum sensors operating up to 0.2 terahertz. Their uniform spin-orientation and persistent spin-contrast at high fields enable direct measurement of intrinsic spin relaxation across previously unexplored temperature and frequency regimes. We also reveal a crossover in relaxation behavior \textemdash initially decreasing at low fields before rising at higher fields \textemdash consistent with the emergence of single-phonon-induced resonant noise that becomes significant at sub-terahertz frequencies. These results establish $\mathrm{V_B^-}$ centers as a versatile platform for quantum sensing in the sub-terahertz, high-field regime. |
| title | Sub-Terahertz Spin Relaxation Dynamics of Boron-Vacancy Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16786 |