_version_ 1866915406819622912
author Rinaldi, Pierluigi
Rieke, George H.
Wu, Zihao
Gilbert, Carys J. E.
Pacucci, Fabio
Barchiesi, Luigi
Alberts, Stacey
Carniani, Stefano
Bunker, Andrew J.
Bhatawdekar, Rachana
D'Eugenio, Francesco
Ji, Zhiyuan
Johnson, Benjamin D.
Hainline, Kevin
Kokorev, Vasily
Kumari, Nimisha
Iani, Edoardo
Lyu, Jianwei
Maiolino, Roberto
Parlanti, Eleonora
Robertson, Brant E.
Sun, Yang
Vignali, Cristian
Williams, Christina C.
Willmer, Christopher N. A.
Zhu, Yongda
author_facet Rinaldi, Pierluigi
Rieke, George H.
Wu, Zihao
Gilbert, Carys J. E.
Pacucci, Fabio
Barchiesi, Luigi
Alberts, Stacey
Carniani, Stefano
Bunker, Andrew J.
Bhatawdekar, Rachana
D'Eugenio, Francesco
Ji, Zhiyuan
Johnson, Benjamin D.
Hainline, Kevin
Kokorev, Vasily
Kumari, Nimisha
Iani, Edoardo
Lyu, Jianwei
Maiolino, Roberto
Parlanti, Eleonora
Robertson, Brant E.
Sun, Yang
Vignali, Cristian
Williams, Christina C.
Willmer, Christopher N. A.
Zhu, Yongda
contents Little Red Dots (LRDs) are compact, red sources discovered by JWST at high redshift ($z \gtrsim 4$), marked by distinctive "V-shaped" spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and often interpreted as rapidly accreting AGNs. Their evolution remains unclear, as identifying counterparts at lower redshifts is challenging. We present WISEA J123635.56+621424.2 (here dubbed {\it the Saguaro}), a $z=2.0145$ galaxy in GOODS-North, as a possible analog of high-redshift LRDs and a potential missing link in their evolutionary path toward lower-redshift systems. It features a compact LRD-like nucleus surrounded by a face-on spiral host. Its connection to LRDs includes that: (1) its nuclear spectrum shows a clear "V-shaped" SED; and (2) when redshifted to $z=7$, surface brightness dimming makes the host undetectable, thus mimicking an LRD. This suggests that high-redshift LRDs may be embedded in extended hosts. To test this, we stack rest-frame UV images of 99 photometrically selected LRDs, revealing faint, diffuse emission. Stacking in redshift bins reveals mild radial growth, consistent with the expected galaxy size evolution. A simple analytic model confirms that surface brightness dimming alone can explain their compact appearance. Lastly, we show that {\it the Saguaro} is not unique by describing similar objects from the literature at $z\lesssim3.5$. Taken together, our results support a scenario in which LRDs may not be a distinct population, but could be the visible nuclei of galaxies undergoing a short-lived, AGN-dominated evolutionary phase, with their compact, red appearance driven largely by observational biases.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_17738
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beyond the Dot: an LRD-like nucleus at the Heart of an IR-Bright Galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs
Rinaldi, Pierluigi
Rieke, George H.
Wu, Zihao
Gilbert, Carys J. E.
Pacucci, Fabio
Barchiesi, Luigi
Alberts, Stacey
Carniani, Stefano
Bunker, Andrew J.
Bhatawdekar, Rachana
D'Eugenio, Francesco
Ji, Zhiyuan
Johnson, Benjamin D.
Hainline, Kevin
Kokorev, Vasily
Kumari, Nimisha
Iani, Edoardo
Lyu, Jianwei
Maiolino, Roberto
Parlanti, Eleonora
Robertson, Brant E.
Sun, Yang
Vignali, Cristian
Williams, Christina C.
Willmer, Christopher N. A.
Zhu, Yongda
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Little Red Dots (LRDs) are compact, red sources discovered by JWST at high redshift ($z \gtrsim 4$), marked by distinctive "V-shaped" spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and often interpreted as rapidly accreting AGNs. Their evolution remains unclear, as identifying counterparts at lower redshifts is challenging. We present WISEA J123635.56+621424.2 (here dubbed {\it the Saguaro}), a $z=2.0145$ galaxy in GOODS-North, as a possible analog of high-redshift LRDs and a potential missing link in their evolutionary path toward lower-redshift systems. It features a compact LRD-like nucleus surrounded by a face-on spiral host. Its connection to LRDs includes that: (1) its nuclear spectrum shows a clear "V-shaped" SED; and (2) when redshifted to $z=7$, surface brightness dimming makes the host undetectable, thus mimicking an LRD. This suggests that high-redshift LRDs may be embedded in extended hosts. To test this, we stack rest-frame UV images of 99 photometrically selected LRDs, revealing faint, diffuse emission. Stacking in redshift bins reveals mild radial growth, consistent with the expected galaxy size evolution. A simple analytic model confirms that surface brightness dimming alone can explain their compact appearance. Lastly, we show that {\it the Saguaro} is not unique by describing similar objects from the literature at $z\lesssim3.5$. Taken together, our results support a scenario in which LRDs may not be a distinct population, but could be the visible nuclei of galaxies undergoing a short-lived, AGN-dominated evolutionary phase, with their compact, red appearance driven largely by observational biases.
title Beyond the Dot: an LRD-like nucleus at the Heart of an IR-Bright Galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17738