On 7-adic Galois representations for elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Furio, Lorenzo, Lombardo, Davide
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Furio, Lorenzo
Lombardo, Davide
author_facet Furio, Lorenzo
Lombardo, Davide
contents In recent years, significant progress has been made on Mazur's Program B, with many authors beginning a systematic classification of all possible images of $p$-adic Galois representations attached to elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$. Currently, the classification is only complete for $p \in \{2,3,13,17\}$. The main difficulty for other primes arises from the need to understand elliptic curves whose mod-$p^n$ Galois representations are contained in the normaliser of a non-split Cartan subgroup. Equivalently, this amounts to determining the rational points on the modular curves $X_{ns}^+(p^n)$. Here, we consider the case $p=7$ and show that the modular curve $X_{ns}^+(49)$, of genus 69, has no non-CM rational points. To achieve this, we establish a correspondence between the rational points on $X_{ns}^+(49)$ and the primitive integer solutions of the generalised Fermat equation $a^2 + 28b^3 = 27 c^7$, the resolution of which can be reduced to determining the rational points of several genus-three curves. Furthermore, we reduce the complete classification of $7$-adic images to the determination of the rational points of a single plane quartic.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_17967
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On 7-adic Galois representations for elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$
Furio, Lorenzo
Lombardo, Davide
Number Theory
Algebraic Geometry
11F80, 14G05, 11G05, 11D72, 11D41
In recent years, significant progress has been made on Mazur's Program B, with many authors beginning a systematic classification of all possible images of $p$-adic Galois representations attached to elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$. Currently, the classification is only complete for $p \in \{2,3,13,17\}$. The main difficulty for other primes arises from the need to understand elliptic curves whose mod-$p^n$ Galois representations are contained in the normaliser of a non-split Cartan subgroup. Equivalently, this amounts to determining the rational points on the modular curves $X_{ns}^+(p^n)$. Here, we consider the case $p=7$ and show that the modular curve $X_{ns}^+(49)$, of genus 69, has no non-CM rational points. To achieve this, we establish a correspondence between the rational points on $X_{ns}^+(49)$ and the primitive integer solutions of the generalised Fermat equation $a^2 + 28b^3 = 27 c^7$, the resolution of which can be reduced to determining the rational points of several genus-three curves. Furthermore, we reduce the complete classification of $7$-adic images to the determination of the rational points of a single plane quartic.
title On 7-adic Galois representations for elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$
topic Number Theory
Algebraic Geometry
11F80, 14G05, 11G05, 11D72, 11D41
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17967