A Foundation Model for Massive MIMO Precoding with an Adaptive per-User Rate-Power Tradeoff

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Emery, Jérôme, Karkan, Ali Hasanzadeh, Frigon, Jean-François, Leduc-Primeau, François
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Emery, Jérôme
Karkan, Ali Hasanzadeh
Frigon, Jean-François
Leduc-Primeau, François
author_facet Emery, Jérôme
Karkan, Ali Hasanzadeh
Frigon, Jean-François
Leduc-Primeau, François
contents Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a solution for precoding in massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems due to its capacity to learn the characteristics of the propagation environment. However, training such a model requires high-quality, local datasets at the deployment site, which are often difficult to collect. We propose a transformer-based foundation model for mMIMO precoding that seeks to minimize the energy consumption of the transmitter while dynamically adapting to per-user rate requirements. At equal energy consumption, zero-shot deployment of the proposed foundation model significantly outperforms zero forcing, and approaches weighted minimum mean squared error performance with 8x less complexity. To address model adaptation in data-scarce settings, we introduce a data augmentation method that finds training samples similar to the target distribution by computing the cosine similarity between the outputs of the pre-trained feature extractor. Our work enables the implementation of DL-based solutions in practice by addressing challenges of data availability and training complexity. Moreover, the ability to dynamically configure per-user rate requirements can be leveraged by higher level resource allocation and scheduling algorithms for greater control over energy efficiency, spectral efficiency and fairness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_18587
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Foundation Model for Massive MIMO Precoding with an Adaptive per-User Rate-Power Tradeoff
Emery, Jérôme
Karkan, Ali Hasanzadeh
Frigon, Jean-François
Leduc-Primeau, François
Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a solution for precoding in massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems due to its capacity to learn the characteristics of the propagation environment. However, training such a model requires high-quality, local datasets at the deployment site, which are often difficult to collect. We propose a transformer-based foundation model for mMIMO precoding that seeks to minimize the energy consumption of the transmitter while dynamically adapting to per-user rate requirements. At equal energy consumption, zero-shot deployment of the proposed foundation model significantly outperforms zero forcing, and approaches weighted minimum mean squared error performance with 8x less complexity. To address model adaptation in data-scarce settings, we introduce a data augmentation method that finds training samples similar to the target distribution by computing the cosine similarity between the outputs of the pre-trained feature extractor. Our work enables the implementation of DL-based solutions in practice by addressing challenges of data availability and training complexity. Moreover, the ability to dynamically configure per-user rate requirements can be leveraged by higher level resource allocation and scheduling algorithms for greater control over energy efficiency, spectral efficiency and fairness.
title A Foundation Model for Massive MIMO Precoding with an Adaptive per-User Rate-Power Tradeoff
topic Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18587