Self-organization drives symmetry-breaking, scaling, and critical growth transitions in stem cell-derived organoids

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Aguilar-Hidalgo, Daniel, Ostblom, Joel, Siu, M Mona, Raval, Divy, Ghagre, Ajinkya, Heydari, Tiam, McMaster, Benjamin, Gui, Jonathan, Werschler, Nicolas, Tewary, Mukul, Zandstra, Peter W.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Aguilar-Hidalgo, Daniel
Ostblom, Joel
Siu, M Mona
Raval, Divy
Ghagre, Ajinkya
Heydari, Tiam
McMaster, Benjamin
Gui, Jonathan
Werschler, Nicolas
Tewary, Mukul
Zandstra, Peter W.
author_facet Aguilar-Hidalgo, Daniel
Ostblom, Joel
Siu, M Mona
Raval, Divy
Ghagre, Ajinkya
Heydari, Tiam
McMaster, Benjamin
Gui, Jonathan
Werschler, Nicolas
Tewary, Mukul
Zandstra, Peter W.
contents The emergence of spatial patterns and organized growth is a hallmark of developing tissues. While symmetry-breaking and scaling laws govern these processes, how cells coordinate spatial patterning with size regulation remains unclear. Here, we combine quantitative imaging, a Turing activator-repressor model with self-organized reactive boundaries, and in vitro models of early mouse development to study mesodermal pattern formation in two-dimensional (2D) gastruloids. We show that colony size dictates symmetry: small colonies (radius approximately 100 micrometers) spontaneously break symmetry, while larger ones remain centro-symmetric, consistent with size-dependent positional information and model predictions. The mesodermal domain area scales robustly with colony size following a power law, independent of cell density, indicating that cells sense and respond to gastruloid size. Time-lapse imaging reveals a biphasic growth law: an early power-law expansion followed by exponential arrest, marking a dynamical phase transition. These dynamics, conserved across sizes, reflect features of criticality seen in physical systems, where self-organization, scaling, and boundary feedback converge. Our findings uncover a minimal mechanism for size-dependent pattern formation and growth control. This framework enables quantitative investigation of symmetry-breaking and scaling in self-organizing tissues, offering insights into the physical principles underlying multicellular organization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_18887
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Self-organization drives symmetry-breaking, scaling, and critical growth transitions in stem cell-derived organoids
Aguilar-Hidalgo, Daniel
Ostblom, Joel
Siu, M Mona
Raval, Divy
Ghagre, Ajinkya
Heydari, Tiam
McMaster, Benjamin
Gui, Jonathan
Werschler, Nicolas
Tewary, Mukul
Zandstra, Peter W.
Tissues and Organs
Biological Physics
The emergence of spatial patterns and organized growth is a hallmark of developing tissues. While symmetry-breaking and scaling laws govern these processes, how cells coordinate spatial patterning with size regulation remains unclear. Here, we combine quantitative imaging, a Turing activator-repressor model with self-organized reactive boundaries, and in vitro models of early mouse development to study mesodermal pattern formation in two-dimensional (2D) gastruloids. We show that colony size dictates symmetry: small colonies (radius approximately 100 micrometers) spontaneously break symmetry, while larger ones remain centro-symmetric, consistent with size-dependent positional information and model predictions. The mesodermal domain area scales robustly with colony size following a power law, independent of cell density, indicating that cells sense and respond to gastruloid size. Time-lapse imaging reveals a biphasic growth law: an early power-law expansion followed by exponential arrest, marking a dynamical phase transition. These dynamics, conserved across sizes, reflect features of criticality seen in physical systems, where self-organization, scaling, and boundary feedback converge. Our findings uncover a minimal mechanism for size-dependent pattern formation and growth control. This framework enables quantitative investigation of symmetry-breaking and scaling in self-organizing tissues, offering insights into the physical principles underlying multicellular organization.
title Self-organization drives symmetry-breaking, scaling, and critical growth transitions in stem cell-derived organoids
topic Tissues and Organs
Biological Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18887