Real-Time Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Interference in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory on a Hybrid Qubit-Oscillator Quantum Computer
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866913960283865088 |
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| author | Saner, S. Băzăvan, O. Webb, D. J. Araneda, G. Ballance, C. J. Srinivas, R. Lucas, D. M. Bermúdez, A. |
| author_facet | Saner, S. Băzăvan, O. Webb, D. J. Araneda, G. Ballance, C. J. Srinivas, R. Lucas, D. M. Bermúdez, A. |
| contents | Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) with both dynamical matter and gauge fields provide a promising approach to studying strongly coupled problems beyond classical computational reach. Yet, implementing gauge-invariant encodings and real-time evolution remains experimentally challenging. Here, we demonstrate a resource-efficient encoding of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a hybrid qubit-oscillator trapped-ion quantum device, where qubits represent gauge fields and vibrational modes naturally encode bosonic matter fields. This architecture utilises synthetic dimensions to construct higher-dimensional lattice geometries and combines digital and analogue techniques to prepare initial states, realise gauge-invariant real-time evolution, and measure the relevant observables. We experimentally probe dynamics obeying Gauss's law in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ link and extend this to a loop geometry, marking the first steps towards higher-dimensional LGTs. In this quasi-2D setup, we observe Aharonov-Bohm interference for the first time with dynamical gauge fields encoding magnetic flux, demonstrating the interplay between charge and flux. Our results chart a promising path for scalable quantum simulations of bosonic gauge theories and outline a roadmap for realising exotic LGTs in higher dimensions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_19588 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Real-Time Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Interference in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory on a Hybrid Qubit-Oscillator Quantum Computer Saner, S. Băzăvan, O. Webb, D. J. Araneda, G. Ballance, C. J. Srinivas, R. Lucas, D. M. Bermúdez, A. Quantum Physics Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) with both dynamical matter and gauge fields provide a promising approach to studying strongly coupled problems beyond classical computational reach. Yet, implementing gauge-invariant encodings and real-time evolution remains experimentally challenging. Here, we demonstrate a resource-efficient encoding of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a hybrid qubit-oscillator trapped-ion quantum device, where qubits represent gauge fields and vibrational modes naturally encode bosonic matter fields. This architecture utilises synthetic dimensions to construct higher-dimensional lattice geometries and combines digital and analogue techniques to prepare initial states, realise gauge-invariant real-time evolution, and measure the relevant observables. We experimentally probe dynamics obeying Gauss's law in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ link and extend this to a loop geometry, marking the first steps towards higher-dimensional LGTs. In this quasi-2D setup, we observe Aharonov-Bohm interference for the first time with dynamical gauge fields encoding magnetic flux, demonstrating the interplay between charge and flux. Our results chart a promising path for scalable quantum simulations of bosonic gauge theories and outline a roadmap for realising exotic LGTs in higher dimensions. |
| title | Real-Time Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Interference in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory on a Hybrid Qubit-Oscillator Quantum Computer |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19588 |