Bound dark energy: Particle origin of dark energy with DESI BAO and DES supernova data
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Torres, Jose Agustin Lozano de la Macorra, Axel |
| author_facet | Torres, Jose Agustin Lozano de la Macorra, Axel |
| contents | The recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) indicate a preference for dynamical dark energy at a significance level above $2.5 σ$, with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data and Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data, favoring a time dependent equation of state $w(z)$ rather than the cosmological constant ($w = -1$). We introduce the Bound Dark Energy (BDE) model, in which dark energy arises from the lightest meson field $ϕ$ in a dark SU(3) gauge group, developing dynamically through non perturbative interactions. Governed by an inverse power law potential $V(ϕ) = Λ_c^{4+2/3}ϕ^{-2/3}$, BDE features no dark energy free parameters: one less than $Λ$CDM ($Λ$) and three less than the $ w_{0}w_{a} $CDM ($ w_{0}, w_{a},Λ$) models. By integrating DESI BAO measurements, CMB data and Dark Energy Survey SN Ia distance data collected during the fifth year, BDE demonstrates a reduction of $42$ and $37$ percent in the reduced $χ^{2}_{BAO}$ as well as lower AIC and BIC values compared to the $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM and $Λ$CDM models, respectively, while maintaining a comparable fit for both type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background data. Although the ($w_{0},w_{a}$) contour in BDE is 10,000 times smaller than that found in the $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM model, the BDE model suggests a dynamical dark energy scenario with precise values of $w_{0}=$-0.9301 $\pm$ 0.0004 and $w_{a}=$ -0.8085 $\pm$ 0.0053 while providing a consistency on the six Planck and derived parameters at the 1$σ$ level between BDE, $Λ$CDM and $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM models. The critical parameters condensation energy scale $Λ_{c} = 43.806 \pm 0.190$ eV and epoch $a_{c} = (2.497 \pm 0.011) \times 10^{-6}$ are consistent with predictions from high energy physics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_19619 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bound dark energy: Particle origin of dark energy with DESI BAO and DES supernova data Torres, Jose Agustin Lozano de la Macorra, Axel Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics The recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) indicate a preference for dynamical dark energy at a significance level above $2.5 σ$, with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data and Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data, favoring a time dependent equation of state $w(z)$ rather than the cosmological constant ($w = -1$). We introduce the Bound Dark Energy (BDE) model, in which dark energy arises from the lightest meson field $ϕ$ in a dark SU(3) gauge group, developing dynamically through non perturbative interactions. Governed by an inverse power law potential $V(ϕ) = Λ_c^{4+2/3}ϕ^{-2/3}$, BDE features no dark energy free parameters: one less than $Λ$CDM ($Λ$) and three less than the $ w_{0}w_{a} $CDM ($ w_{0}, w_{a},Λ$) models. By integrating DESI BAO measurements, CMB data and Dark Energy Survey SN Ia distance data collected during the fifth year, BDE demonstrates a reduction of $42$ and $37$ percent in the reduced $χ^{2}_{BAO}$ as well as lower AIC and BIC values compared to the $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM and $Λ$CDM models, respectively, while maintaining a comparable fit for both type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background data. Although the ($w_{0},w_{a}$) contour in BDE is 10,000 times smaller than that found in the $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM model, the BDE model suggests a dynamical dark energy scenario with precise values of $w_{0}=$-0.9301 $\pm$ 0.0004 and $w_{a}=$ -0.8085 $\pm$ 0.0053 while providing a consistency on the six Planck and derived parameters at the 1$σ$ level between BDE, $Λ$CDM and $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM models. The critical parameters condensation energy scale $Λ_{c} = 43.806 \pm 0.190$ eV and epoch $a_{c} = (2.497 \pm 0.011) \times 10^{-6}$ are consistent with predictions from high energy physics. |
| title | Bound dark energy: Particle origin of dark energy with DESI BAO and DES supernova data |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19619 |