Parallel Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering in Low Dimensions

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bateni, MohammadHossein, Dhulipala, Laxman, Fletcher, Willem, Gowda, Kishen N, Hershkowitz, D Ellis, Jayaram, Rajesh, Łącki, Jakub
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866916866825388032
author Bateni, MohammadHossein
Dhulipala, Laxman
Fletcher, Willem
Gowda, Kishen N
Hershkowitz, D Ellis
Jayaram, Rajesh
Łącki, Jakub
author_facet Bateni, MohammadHossein
Dhulipala, Laxman
Fletcher, Willem
Gowda, Kishen N
Hershkowitz, D Ellis
Jayaram, Rajesh
Łącki, Jakub
contents Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) is an extensively studied and widely used method for hierarchical clustering in $\mathbb{R}^k$ based on repeatedly merging the closest pair of clusters according to an input linkage function $d$. Highly parallel (i.e., NC) algorithms are known for $(1+ε)$-approximate HAC (where near-minimum rather than minimum pairs are merged) for certain linkage functions that monotonically increase as merges are performed. However, no such algorithms are known for many important but non-monotone linkage functions such as centroid and Ward's linkage. In this work, we show that a general class of non-monotone linkage functions -- which include centroid and Ward's distance -- admit efficient NC algorithms for $(1+ε)$-approximate HAC in low dimensions. Our algorithms are based on a structural result which may be of independent interest: the height of the hierarchy resulting from any constant-approximate HAC on $n$ points for this class of linkage functions is at most $\operatorname{poly}(\log n)$ as long as $k = O(\log \log n / \log \log \log n)$. Complementing our upper bounds, we show that NC algorithms for HAC with these linkage functions in \emph{arbitrary} dimensions are unlikely to exist by showing that HAC is CC-hard when $d$ is centroid distance and $k = n$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_20047
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Parallel Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering in Low Dimensions
Bateni, MohammadHossein
Dhulipala, Laxman
Fletcher, Willem
Gowda, Kishen N
Hershkowitz, D Ellis
Jayaram, Rajesh
Łącki, Jakub
Data Structures and Algorithms
Computational Complexity
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) is an extensively studied and widely used method for hierarchical clustering in $\mathbb{R}^k$ based on repeatedly merging the closest pair of clusters according to an input linkage function $d$. Highly parallel (i.e., NC) algorithms are known for $(1+ε)$-approximate HAC (where near-minimum rather than minimum pairs are merged) for certain linkage functions that monotonically increase as merges are performed. However, no such algorithms are known for many important but non-monotone linkage functions such as centroid and Ward's linkage. In this work, we show that a general class of non-monotone linkage functions -- which include centroid and Ward's distance -- admit efficient NC algorithms for $(1+ε)$-approximate HAC in low dimensions. Our algorithms are based on a structural result which may be of independent interest: the height of the hierarchy resulting from any constant-approximate HAC on $n$ points for this class of linkage functions is at most $\operatorname{poly}(\log n)$ as long as $k = O(\log \log n / \log \log \log n)$. Complementing our upper bounds, we show that NC algorithms for HAC with these linkage functions in \emph{arbitrary} dimensions are unlikely to exist by showing that HAC is CC-hard when $d$ is centroid distance and $k = n$.
title Parallel Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering in Low Dimensions
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
Computational Complexity
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20047