Two Views, One Truth: Spectral and Self-Supervised Features Fusion for Robust Speech Deepfake Detection

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kheir, Yassine El, Das, Arnab, Erdogan, Enes Erdem, Ritter-Guttierez, Fabian, Polzehl, Tim, Möller, Sebastian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kheir, Yassine El
Das, Arnab
Erdogan, Enes Erdem
Ritter-Guttierez, Fabian
Polzehl, Tim
Möller, Sebastian
author_facet Kheir, Yassine El
Das, Arnab
Erdogan, Enes Erdem
Ritter-Guttierez, Fabian
Polzehl, Tim
Möller, Sebastian
contents Recent advances in synthetic speech have made audio deepfakes increasingly realistic, posing significant security risks. Existing detection methods that rely on a single modality, either raw waveform embeddings or spectral based features, are vulnerable to non spoof disturbances and often overfit to known forgery algorithms, resulting in poor generalization to unseen attacks. To address these shortcomings, we investigate hybrid fusion frameworks that integrate self supervised learning (SSL) based representations with handcrafted spectral descriptors (MFCC , LFCC, CQCC). By aligning and combining complementary information across modalities, these fusion approaches capture subtle artifacts that single feature approaches typically overlook. We explore several fusion strategies, including simple concatenation, cross attention, mutual cross attention, and a learnable gating mechanism, to optimally blend SSL features with fine grained spectral cues. We evaluate our approach on four challenging public benchmarks and report generalization performance. All fusion variants consistently outperform an SSL only baseline, with the cross attention strategy achieving the best generalization with a 38% relative reduction in equal error rate (EER). These results confirm that joint modeling of waveform and spectral views produces robust, domain agnostic representations for audio deepfake detection.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_20417
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Two Views, One Truth: Spectral and Self-Supervised Features Fusion for Robust Speech Deepfake Detection
Kheir, Yassine El
Das, Arnab
Erdogan, Enes Erdem
Ritter-Guttierez, Fabian
Polzehl, Tim
Möller, Sebastian
Sound
Cryptography and Security
Audio and Speech Processing
Recent advances in synthetic speech have made audio deepfakes increasingly realistic, posing significant security risks. Existing detection methods that rely on a single modality, either raw waveform embeddings or spectral based features, are vulnerable to non spoof disturbances and often overfit to known forgery algorithms, resulting in poor generalization to unseen attacks. To address these shortcomings, we investigate hybrid fusion frameworks that integrate self supervised learning (SSL) based representations with handcrafted spectral descriptors (MFCC , LFCC, CQCC). By aligning and combining complementary information across modalities, these fusion approaches capture subtle artifacts that single feature approaches typically overlook. We explore several fusion strategies, including simple concatenation, cross attention, mutual cross attention, and a learnable gating mechanism, to optimally blend SSL features with fine grained spectral cues. We evaluate our approach on four challenging public benchmarks and report generalization performance. All fusion variants consistently outperform an SSL only baseline, with the cross attention strategy achieving the best generalization with a 38% relative reduction in equal error rate (EER). These results confirm that joint modeling of waveform and spectral views produces robust, domain agnostic representations for audio deepfake detection.
title Two Views, One Truth: Spectral and Self-Supervised Features Fusion for Robust Speech Deepfake Detection
topic Sound
Cryptography and Security
Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20417