Explicit and Effectively Symmetric Runge-Kutta Methods

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Shmelev, Daniil, Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch, Tapia, Nikolas, Salvi, Cristopher
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Shmelev, Daniil
Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
Tapia, Nikolas
Salvi, Cristopher
author_facet Shmelev, Daniil
Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
Tapia, Nikolas
Salvi, Cristopher
contents Symmetry is a key property of numerical methods. The geometric properties of symmetric schemes make them an attractive option for integrating Hamiltonian systems, whilst their ability to exactly recover the initial condition without the need to store the entire solution trajectory makes them ideal for the efficient implementation of Neural ODEs. In this work, we present a Hopf algebraic approach to the study of symmetric B-series methods. We show that every B-series method can be written as the composition of a symmetric and "antisymmetric" component, and explore the structure of this decomposition for Runge-Kutta schemes. A major bottleneck of symmetric Runge-Kutta schemes is their implicit nature, which requires solving a nonlinear system at each step. By introducing a new set of order conditions which minimise the antisymmetric component of a scheme, we derive what we call Explicit and Effectively Symmetric (EES) schemes -- a new class of explicit Runge-Kutta schemes with near-symmetric properties. We present examples of second-order EES schemes and demonstrate that, despite their low order, these schemes readily outperform higher-order explicit schemes such as RK4 and RK5, and achieve results comparable to implicit symmetric schemes at a significantly lower computational cost.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_21006
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explicit and Effectively Symmetric Runge-Kutta Methods
Shmelev, Daniil
Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
Tapia, Nikolas
Salvi, Cristopher
Numerical Analysis
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Rings and Algebras
16T05, 65L05, 65L06, 05C05
Symmetry is a key property of numerical methods. The geometric properties of symmetric schemes make them an attractive option for integrating Hamiltonian systems, whilst their ability to exactly recover the initial condition without the need to store the entire solution trajectory makes them ideal for the efficient implementation of Neural ODEs. In this work, we present a Hopf algebraic approach to the study of symmetric B-series methods. We show that every B-series method can be written as the composition of a symmetric and "antisymmetric" component, and explore the structure of this decomposition for Runge-Kutta schemes. A major bottleneck of symmetric Runge-Kutta schemes is their implicit nature, which requires solving a nonlinear system at each step. By introducing a new set of order conditions which minimise the antisymmetric component of a scheme, we derive what we call Explicit and Effectively Symmetric (EES) schemes -- a new class of explicit Runge-Kutta schemes with near-symmetric properties. We present examples of second-order EES schemes and demonstrate that, despite their low order, these schemes readily outperform higher-order explicit schemes such as RK4 and RK5, and achieve results comparable to implicit symmetric schemes at a significantly lower computational cost.
title Explicit and Effectively Symmetric Runge-Kutta Methods
topic Numerical Analysis
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Rings and Algebras
16T05, 65L05, 65L06, 05C05
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21006