Interpretable Anomaly-Based DDoS Detection in AI-RAN with XAI and LLMs

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chatzimiltis, Sotiris, Shojafar, Mohammad, Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz, Tafazolli, Rahim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866913963926618112
author Chatzimiltis, Sotiris
Shojafar, Mohammad
Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz
Tafazolli, Rahim
author_facet Chatzimiltis, Sotiris
Shojafar, Mohammad
Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz
Tafazolli, Rahim
contents Next generation Radio Access Networks (RANs) introduce programmability, intelligence, and near real-time control through intelligent controllers, enabling enhanced security within the RAN and across broader 5G/6G infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive survey highlighting opportunities, challenges, and research gaps for Large Language Models (LLMs)-assisted explainable (XAI) intrusion detection (IDS) for secure future RAN environments. Motivated by this, we propose an LLM interpretable anomaly-based detection system for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks using multivariate time series key performance measures (KPMs), extracted from E2 nodes, within the Near Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC). An LSTM-based model is trained to identify malicious User Equipment (UE) behavior based on these KPMs. To enhance transparency, we apply post-hoc local explainability methods such as LIME and SHAP to interpret individual predictions. Furthermore, LLMs are employed to convert technical explanations into natural-language insights accessible to non-expert users. Experimental results on real 5G network KPMs demonstrate that our framework achieves high detection accuracy (F1-score > 0.96) while delivering actionable and interpretable outputs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_21193
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Interpretable Anomaly-Based DDoS Detection in AI-RAN with XAI and LLMs
Chatzimiltis, Sotiris
Shojafar, Mohammad
Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz
Tafazolli, Rahim
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
Next generation Radio Access Networks (RANs) introduce programmability, intelligence, and near real-time control through intelligent controllers, enabling enhanced security within the RAN and across broader 5G/6G infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive survey highlighting opportunities, challenges, and research gaps for Large Language Models (LLMs)-assisted explainable (XAI) intrusion detection (IDS) for secure future RAN environments. Motivated by this, we propose an LLM interpretable anomaly-based detection system for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks using multivariate time series key performance measures (KPMs), extracted from E2 nodes, within the Near Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC). An LSTM-based model is trained to identify malicious User Equipment (UE) behavior based on these KPMs. To enhance transparency, we apply post-hoc local explainability methods such as LIME and SHAP to interpret individual predictions. Furthermore, LLMs are employed to convert technical explanations into natural-language insights accessible to non-expert users. Experimental results on real 5G network KPMs demonstrate that our framework achieves high detection accuracy (F1-score > 0.96) while delivering actionable and interpretable outputs.
title Interpretable Anomaly-Based DDoS Detection in AI-RAN with XAI and LLMs
topic Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21193