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Autores principales: Villanueva, Vicente, Blaña, Matías, Bolatto, Alberto D., Rubio, Mónica, Tarantino, Elizabeth, Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo, Burkert, Andreas, Vaz, Daniel, Read, Justin I., Galaz, Gaspar, Muñoz, César, Calderón, Diego, Behrendt, Manuel, Carballo-Bello, Julio A., Gray, Emily, Fellhauer, Michael
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21213
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author Villanueva, Vicente
Blaña, Matías
Bolatto, Alberto D.
Rubio, Mónica
Tarantino, Elizabeth
Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo
Burkert, Andreas
Vaz, Daniel
Read, Justin I.
Galaz, Gaspar
Muñoz, César
Calderón, Diego
Behrendt, Manuel
Carballo-Bello, Julio A.
Gray, Emily
Fellhauer, Michael
author_facet Villanueva, Vicente
Blaña, Matías
Bolatto, Alberto D.
Rubio, Mónica
Tarantino, Elizabeth
Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo
Burkert, Andreas
Vaz, Daniel
Read, Justin I.
Galaz, Gaspar
Muñoz, César
Calderón, Diego
Behrendt, Manuel
Carballo-Bello, Julio A.
Gray, Emily
Fellhauer, Michael
contents We report the first CO detection in Leo T, representing the most extreme observation of carbon monoxide molecules in the lowest stellar mass gas-rich dwarf galaxy ($M_{\star}$$\sim$10$^5$ M$_{\odot}$) known to date. We acquired and present new Atacama Compact Array (ACA) $^{12}$CO($J$=1-0) data within our CHIMERA Survey project for the central region of Leo~T, a metal-poor ([M/H]$\sim$-1.7) dwarf in the Milky Way (MW) outskirts. We identified three compact molecular clouds ($<13$ pc) with estimated upper limit virial masses of $M_{\rm mol}$$\sim$5$\times10^{3}$ M$_{\odot}$ each and a total of 1.4$\pm$0.4$\times$10$^{4}$ M$_{\odot}$, corresponding to $\sim\!3\%$ of the total gas mass. We obtained CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factors ($α_{\rm CO}$) as high as $\sim$155 M$_{\odot}$ $({\rm K\, km\, s^{-1}\, pc^2})^{-1}$ and mean molecular gas surface densities of $Σ_{\rm mol}$$\sim$9 M$_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$ that are consistent with values found in dwarf galaxies with extremely low metal content. All CO clouds are shifted ($\sim$60 pc) from the stellar population centers, and only one cloud appears within the densest \hi region. Two clouds have velocity offsets with the \hi of $Δv_{\rm los}\sim\!+13$ km s$^{-1}$ being within twice the velocity dispersion ($Δv_{\rm los}/σ_{\rm HI,los}\sim2$) and probably bound. However, the northern cloud is faster ($Δv_{\rm los}\sim\!+57$ km s$^{-1}$); our models with low halo masses ($M_{\rm h}\! \lesssim \!10^9$ M$_{\odot}$) result in unbound orbits, suggesting that this material is likely being expelled from the dwarf, providing evidence for molecular gas depletion. These properties reveal a perturbed dynamics intertwined with star formation processes in low-mass dwarf galaxies, supporting a scenario of episodic bursts until they are fully quenched by the MW environment.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The CHIMERA Survey: The first CO detection in Leo T, the lowest mass known galaxy still hosting cold molecular gas
Villanueva, Vicente
Blaña, Matías
Bolatto, Alberto D.
Rubio, Mónica
Tarantino, Elizabeth
Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo
Burkert, Andreas
Vaz, Daniel
Read, Justin I.
Galaz, Gaspar
Muñoz, César
Calderón, Diego
Behrendt, Manuel
Carballo-Bello, Julio A.
Gray, Emily
Fellhauer, Michael
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We report the first CO detection in Leo T, representing the most extreme observation of carbon monoxide molecules in the lowest stellar mass gas-rich dwarf galaxy ($M_{\star}$$\sim$10$^5$ M$_{\odot}$) known to date. We acquired and present new Atacama Compact Array (ACA) $^{12}$CO($J$=1-0) data within our CHIMERA Survey project for the central region of Leo~T, a metal-poor ([M/H]$\sim$-1.7) dwarf in the Milky Way (MW) outskirts. We identified three compact molecular clouds ($<13$ pc) with estimated upper limit virial masses of $M_{\rm mol}$$\sim$5$\times10^{3}$ M$_{\odot}$ each and a total of 1.4$\pm$0.4$\times$10$^{4}$ M$_{\odot}$, corresponding to $\sim\!3\%$ of the total gas mass. We obtained CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factors ($α_{\rm CO}$) as high as $\sim$155 M$_{\odot}$ $({\rm K\, km\, s^{-1}\, pc^2})^{-1}$ and mean molecular gas surface densities of $Σ_{\rm mol}$$\sim$9 M$_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$ that are consistent with values found in dwarf galaxies with extremely low metal content. All CO clouds are shifted ($\sim$60 pc) from the stellar population centers, and only one cloud appears within the densest \hi region. Two clouds have velocity offsets with the \hi of $Δv_{\rm los}\sim\!+13$ km s$^{-1}$ being within twice the velocity dispersion ($Δv_{\rm los}/σ_{\rm HI,los}\sim2$) and probably bound. However, the northern cloud is faster ($Δv_{\rm los}\sim\!+57$ km s$^{-1}$); our models with low halo masses ($M_{\rm h}\! \lesssim \!10^9$ M$_{\odot}$) result in unbound orbits, suggesting that this material is likely being expelled from the dwarf, providing evidence for molecular gas depletion. These properties reveal a perturbed dynamics intertwined with star formation processes in low-mass dwarf galaxies, supporting a scenario of episodic bursts until they are fully quenched by the MW environment.
title The CHIMERA Survey: The first CO detection in Leo T, the lowest mass known galaxy still hosting cold molecular gas
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21213