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Blind search for activity-sensitive lines in the near-infrared using HARPS and NIRPS observations of Proxima and Gl 581

Fuente: arXiv

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Détails bibliographiques
Auteurs principaux:	da Silva, João Gomes, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, Santos, Nuno C., Monteiro, Telmo, Larue, Pierre, Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez, Delfosse, Xavier, Mignon, Lucile, Artigau, Étienne, Nari, Nicola, Abreu, Manuel, Aguiar, José L. A., Moulla, Khaled Al, Allain, Guillaume, Allart, Romain, Arial, Tomy, Auger, Hugues, Baron, Frédérique, Barros, Susana C. C., Bazinet, Luc, Benneke, Björn, Blind, Nicolas, Bohlender, David, Boisse, Isabelle, Bonfils, Xavier, Boucher, Anne, Bouchy, François, Bourrier, Vincent, Bovay, Sébastien, Branco, Pedro, Broeg, Christopher, Brousseau, Denis, Bruniquel, Vincent, Bryan, Marta, Cabral, Alexandre, Cadieux, Charles, Martins, Bruno L. Canto, Carmona, Andres, Carteret, Yann, Challita, Zalpha, Chazelas, Bruno, Cloutier, Ryan, Coelho, João, Cointepas, Marion, Conod, Uriel, Cook, Neil J., Silva, Ana Rita Costa, Cowan, Nicolas B., Cristo, Eduardo, Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Dauplaise, Laurie, Gomes, Roseane de Lima, De Medeiros, José Renan, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Doshi, Dhvani, Doyon, René, Dumusque, Xavier, Ehrenreich, David, Figueira, Pedro, Fontinele, Dasaev O., Forveille, Thierry, Frensch, Yolanda G. C., Gagné, Jonathan, Genest, Frédéric, Genolet, Ludovic, Hernández, Jonay I. González, Glover, Jennifer, Témich, Félix Gracia, Grieves, Nolan, Gromek, Nicole, Hernandez, Olivier, Hobson, Melissa J., Hoeijmakers, H. Jens, Hubin, Norbert, Jahandar, Farbod, Jayawardhana, Ray, Käufl, Hans-Ulrich, Kerley, Dan, Kolb, Johann, Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran, Kung, Benjamin, L'Heureux, Alexandrine, Lafrenière, David, Lamontagne, Pierrot, Leão, Izan de Castro, Leath, Henry, Lim, Olivia, Lipper, Justin, Curto, Gaspare Lo, Lovis, Christophe, Malo, Lison, Martins, Allan M., Matthews, Jaymie, Mayer, Jean-Sébastien, Melo, Claudio, Messamah, Lina, Messias, Yuri S., Metchev, Stan, Moranta, Leslie, Mordasini, Christoph, Mounzer, Dany, Mraz, Georgia, Nielsen, Louise D., Osborn, Ares, Otegi, Jon, Ouellet, Mathieu, Parc, Léna, Pasquini, Luca, Passegger, Vera M., Pelletier, Stefan, Pepe, Francesco, Peroux, Céline, Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline, Plotnykov, Mykhaylo, Pompei, Emanuela, Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie, Rasilla, José Luis, Rebolo, Rafael, Reshetov, Vladimir, Rowe, Jason, Saint-Antoine, Jonathan, Sarajlic, Mirsad, Saviane, Ivo, Schnell, Robin, Segovia, Alex, Ségransan, Damien, Seidel, Julia, Silber, Armin, Sinclair, Peter, Sordet, Michael, Sosnowska, Danuta, Srivastava, Avidaan, Stefanov, Atanas K., Teixeira, Márcio A., Thibault, Simon, Udry, Stéphane, Valencia, Diana, Vallée, Philippe, Vandal, Thomas, Vaulato, Valentina, Wade, Gregg, Wardenier, Joost P., Wehbe, Bachar, Weisserman, Drew, Wevers, Ivan, Wildi, François, Yariv, Vincent, Zins, Gérard
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866908470383476736
author	da Silva, João Gomes Delgado-Mena, Elisa Santos, Nuno C. Monteiro, Telmo Larue, Pierre Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Delfosse, Xavier Mignon, Lucile Artigau, Étienne Nari, Nicola Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, José L. A. Moulla, Khaled Al Allain, Guillaume Allart, Romain Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Baron, Frédérique Barros, Susana C. C. Bazinet, Luc Benneke, Björn Blind, Nicolas Bohlender, David Boisse, Isabelle Bonfils, Xavier Boucher, Anne Bouchy, François Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sébastien Branco, Pedro Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Bruniquel, Vincent Bryan, Marta Cabral, Alexandre Cadieux, Charles Martins, Bruno L. Canto Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Chazelas, Bruno Cloutier, Ryan Coelho, João Cointepas, Marion Conod, Uriel Cook, Neil J. Silva, Ana Rita Costa Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Dauplaise, Laurie Gomes, Roseane de Lima De Medeiros, José Renan Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Doshi, Dhvani Doyon, René Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Figueira, Pedro Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Gagné, Jonathan Genest, Frédéric Genolet, Ludovic Hernández, Jonay I. González Glover, Jennifer Témich, Félix Gracia Grieves, Nolan Gromek, Nicole Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, H. Jens Hubin, Norbert Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Käufl, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Kung, Benjamin L'Heureux, Alexandrine Lafrenière, David Lamontagne, Pierrot Leão, Izan de Castro Leath, Henry Lim, Olivia Lipper, Justin Curto, Gaspare Lo Lovis, Christophe Malo, Lison Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sébastien Melo, Claudio Messamah, Lina Messias, Yuri S. Metchev, Stan Moranta, Leslie Mordasini, Christoph Mounzer, Dany Mraz, Georgia Nielsen, Louise D. Osborn, Ares Otegi, Jon Ouellet, Mathieu Parc, Léna Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Pepe, Francesco Peroux, Céline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, José Luis Rebolo, Rafael Reshetov, Vladimir Rowe, Jason Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Sarajlic, Mirsad Saviane, Ivo Schnell, Robin Segovia, Alex Ségransan, Damien Seidel, Julia Silber, Armin Sinclair, Peter Sordet, Michael Sosnowska, Danuta Srivastava, Avidaan Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Márcio A. Thibault, Simon Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Vallée, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Vaulato, Valentina Wade, Gregg Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Wevers, Ivan Wildi, François Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gérard
author_facet	da Silva, João Gomes Delgado-Mena, Elisa Santos, Nuno C. Monteiro, Telmo Larue, Pierre Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Delfosse, Xavier Mignon, Lucile Artigau, Étienne Nari, Nicola Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, José L. A. Moulla, Khaled Al Allain, Guillaume Allart, Romain Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Baron, Frédérique Barros, Susana C. C. Bazinet, Luc Benneke, Björn Blind, Nicolas Bohlender, David Boisse, Isabelle Bonfils, Xavier Boucher, Anne Bouchy, François Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sébastien Branco, Pedro Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Bruniquel, Vincent Bryan, Marta Cabral, Alexandre Cadieux, Charles Martins, Bruno L. Canto Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Chazelas, Bruno Cloutier, Ryan Coelho, João Cointepas, Marion Conod, Uriel Cook, Neil J. Silva, Ana Rita Costa Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Dauplaise, Laurie Gomes, Roseane de Lima De Medeiros, José Renan Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Doshi, Dhvani Doyon, René Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Figueira, Pedro Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Gagné, Jonathan Genest, Frédéric Genolet, Ludovic Hernández, Jonay I. González Glover, Jennifer Témich, Félix Gracia Grieves, Nolan Gromek, Nicole Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, H. Jens Hubin, Norbert Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Käufl, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Kung, Benjamin L'Heureux, Alexandrine Lafrenière, David Lamontagne, Pierrot Leão, Izan de Castro Leath, Henry Lim, Olivia Lipper, Justin Curto, Gaspare Lo Lovis, Christophe Malo, Lison Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sébastien Melo, Claudio Messamah, Lina Messias, Yuri S. Metchev, Stan Moranta, Leslie Mordasini, Christoph Mounzer, Dany Mraz, Georgia Nielsen, Louise D. Osborn, Ares Otegi, Jon Ouellet, Mathieu Parc, Léna Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Pepe, Francesco Peroux, Céline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, José Luis Rebolo, Rafael Reshetov, Vladimir Rowe, Jason Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Sarajlic, Mirsad Saviane, Ivo Schnell, Robin Segovia, Alex Ségransan, Damien Seidel, Julia Silber, Armin Sinclair, Peter Sordet, Michael Sosnowska, Danuta Srivastava, Avidaan Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Márcio A. Thibault, Simon Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Vallée, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Vaulato, Valentina Wade, Gregg Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Wevers, Ivan Wildi, François Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gérard
contents	Stellar activity variability is one of the main obstacles to the detection of Earth-like planets using the RV method. The aim of this work is to measure the effect of activity in the spectra of M dwarfs and detect activity-sensitive lines in the NIR. We took advantage of the simultaneous observations of HARPS and the newly commissioned NIRPS spectrograph to carry out a blind search of the most activity-sensitive spectral lines in the NIR using NIRPS spectra and known activity indicators in the optical from HARPS as a reference. We analysed the spectra of Proxima (M5.5V) and Gl 581 (M3V), two M dwarfs with different activity levels and internal structures. Spectral lines were identified for both stars and their profiles were fitted using different models. We found hundreds of lines sensitive to activity for both stars; the Proxima spectra were more affected. For Proxima, 32% of the identified lines can be used to measure the rotation period of the star, while for Gl 581 the numbers drops to 1%. The fraction of lines sensitive to activity increases with increasing line depth. A list of 17 lines with rotation period detection for both stars is provided. Stellar activity is able to affect a significant number of spectral lines in the NIR, and methods should be developed to mitigate those effects at the spectral level. The line distortions detected here are expected to come mainly from the flux effect due to temperature contrasts between active regions and the quiet photosphere; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that core-emission from chromospheric activity or Zeeman splitting are also affecting some lines. The new line lists presented here can be used to improve the RV extraction and the detection of RV variability due to stellar activity signals, and to help false positive detection and the modelling of activity variability, thereby enhancing exoplanet detection in the NIR.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_21262
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Blind search for activity-sensitive lines in the near-infrared using HARPS and NIRPS observations of Proxima and Gl 581 da Silva, João Gomes Delgado-Mena, Elisa Santos, Nuno C. Monteiro, Telmo Larue, Pierre Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Delfosse, Xavier Mignon, Lucile Artigau, Étienne Nari, Nicola Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, José L. A. Moulla, Khaled Al Allain, Guillaume Allart, Romain Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Baron, Frédérique Barros, Susana C. C. Bazinet, Luc Benneke, Björn Blind, Nicolas Bohlender, David Boisse, Isabelle Bonfils, Xavier Boucher, Anne Bouchy, François Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sébastien Branco, Pedro Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Bruniquel, Vincent Bryan, Marta Cabral, Alexandre Cadieux, Charles Martins, Bruno L. Canto Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Chazelas, Bruno Cloutier, Ryan Coelho, João Cointepas, Marion Conod, Uriel Cook, Neil J. Silva, Ana Rita Costa Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Dauplaise, Laurie Gomes, Roseane de Lima De Medeiros, José Renan Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Doshi, Dhvani Doyon, René Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Figueira, Pedro Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Gagné, Jonathan Genest, Frédéric Genolet, Ludovic Hernández, Jonay I. González Glover, Jennifer Témich, Félix Gracia Grieves, Nolan Gromek, Nicole Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, H. Jens Hubin, Norbert Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Käufl, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Kung, Benjamin L'Heureux, Alexandrine Lafrenière, David Lamontagne, Pierrot Leão, Izan de Castro Leath, Henry Lim, Olivia Lipper, Justin Curto, Gaspare Lo Lovis, Christophe Malo, Lison Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sébastien Melo, Claudio Messamah, Lina Messias, Yuri S. Metchev, Stan Moranta, Leslie Mordasini, Christoph Mounzer, Dany Mraz, Georgia Nielsen, Louise D. Osborn, Ares Otegi, Jon Ouellet, Mathieu Parc, Léna Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Pepe, Francesco Peroux, Céline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, José Luis Rebolo, Rafael Reshetov, Vladimir Rowe, Jason Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Sarajlic, Mirsad Saviane, Ivo Schnell, Robin Segovia, Alex Ségransan, Damien Seidel, Julia Silber, Armin Sinclair, Peter Sordet, Michael Sosnowska, Danuta Srivastava, Avidaan Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Márcio A. Thibault, Simon Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Vallée, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Vaulato, Valentina Wade, Gregg Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Wevers, Ivan Wildi, François Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gérard Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Stellar activity variability is one of the main obstacles to the detection of Earth-like planets using the RV method. The aim of this work is to measure the effect of activity in the spectra of M dwarfs and detect activity-sensitive lines in the NIR. We took advantage of the simultaneous observations of HARPS and the newly commissioned NIRPS spectrograph to carry out a blind search of the most activity-sensitive spectral lines in the NIR using NIRPS spectra and known activity indicators in the optical from HARPS as a reference. We analysed the spectra of Proxima (M5.5V) and Gl 581 (M3V), two M dwarfs with different activity levels and internal structures. Spectral lines were identified for both stars and their profiles were fitted using different models. We found hundreds of lines sensitive to activity for both stars; the Proxima spectra were more affected. For Proxima, 32% of the identified lines can be used to measure the rotation period of the star, while for Gl 581 the numbers drops to 1%. The fraction of lines sensitive to activity increases with increasing line depth. A list of 17 lines with rotation period detection for both stars is provided. Stellar activity is able to affect a significant number of spectral lines in the NIR, and methods should be developed to mitigate those effects at the spectral level. The line distortions detected here are expected to come mainly from the flux effect due to temperature contrasts between active regions and the quiet photosphere; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that core-emission from chromospheric activity or Zeeman splitting are also affecting some lines. The new line lists presented here can be used to improve the RV extraction and the detection of RV variability due to stellar activity signals, and to help false positive detection and the modelling of activity variability, thereby enhancing exoplanet detection in the NIR.
title	Blind search for activity-sensitive lines in the near-infrared using HARPS and NIRPS observations of Proxima and Gl 581
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21262