DOA Estimation via Continuous Aperture Arrays: MUSIC and CRLB

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Main Authors: Si, Haonan, Wang, Zhaolin, Guo, Xiansheng, Zhang, Jin, Liu, Yuanwei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Si, Haonan
Wang, Zhaolin
Guo, Xiansheng
Zhang, Jin
Liu, Yuanwei
author_facet Si, Haonan
Wang, Zhaolin
Guo, Xiansheng
Zhang, Jin
Liu, Yuanwei
contents Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using continuous aperture array (CAPA) is studied. Compared to the conventional spatially discrete array (SPDA), CAPA significantly enhances the spatial degrees-of-freedoms (DoFs) for DOA estimation, but its infinite-dimensional continuous signals render the conventional estimation algorithm non-applicable. To address this challenge, a new multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed for CAPAs. In particular, an equivalent continuous-discrete transformation is proposed to facilitate the eigendecomposition of continuous operators. Subsequently, the MUSIC spectrum is accurately approximated using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature, effectively reducing the computational complexity. Furthermore, the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for DOA estimation using CAPAs are analyzed for both cases with and without priori knowledge of snapshot signals. It is theoretically proved that CAPAs significantly improve the DOA estimation accuracy compared to traditional SPDAs. Numerical results further validate this insight and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MUSIC algorithm for CAPA. The proposed method achieves near-optimal estimation performance while maintaining a low computational complexity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_21347
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle DOA Estimation via Continuous Aperture Arrays: MUSIC and CRLB
Si, Haonan
Wang, Zhaolin
Guo, Xiansheng
Zhang, Jin
Liu, Yuanwei
Signal Processing
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using continuous aperture array (CAPA) is studied. Compared to the conventional spatially discrete array (SPDA), CAPA significantly enhances the spatial degrees-of-freedoms (DoFs) for DOA estimation, but its infinite-dimensional continuous signals render the conventional estimation algorithm non-applicable. To address this challenge, a new multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed for CAPAs. In particular, an equivalent continuous-discrete transformation is proposed to facilitate the eigendecomposition of continuous operators. Subsequently, the MUSIC spectrum is accurately approximated using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature, effectively reducing the computational complexity. Furthermore, the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for DOA estimation using CAPAs are analyzed for both cases with and without priori knowledge of snapshot signals. It is theoretically proved that CAPAs significantly improve the DOA estimation accuracy compared to traditional SPDAs. Numerical results further validate this insight and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MUSIC algorithm for CAPA. The proposed method achieves near-optimal estimation performance while maintaining a low computational complexity.
title DOA Estimation via Continuous Aperture Arrays: MUSIC and CRLB
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21347