Learning to Imitate with Less: Efficient Individual Behavior Modeling in Chess

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Tang, Zhenwei, Jiao, Difan, Xue, Eric, McIlroy-Young, Reid, Kleinberg, Jon, Sen, Siddhartha, Anderson, Ashton
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Tang, Zhenwei
Jiao, Difan
Xue, Eric
McIlroy-Young, Reid
Kleinberg, Jon
Sen, Siddhartha
Anderson, Ashton
author_facet Tang, Zhenwei
Jiao, Difan
Xue, Eric
McIlroy-Young, Reid
Kleinberg, Jon
Sen, Siddhartha
Anderson, Ashton
contents As humans seek to collaborate with, learn from, and better understand artificial intelligence systems, developing AIs that can accurately emulate individual decision-making becomes increasingly important. Chess, a long-standing AI benchmark with precise skill measurement, offers an ideal testbed for human-AI alignment. However, existing approaches to modeling human behavior require prohibitively large amounts of data from each individual, making them impractical for new or sparsely represented users. In this work, we introduce Maia4All, a framework designed to learn and adapt to individual decision-making styles efficiently, even with limited data. Maia4All achieves this through a two-stage optimization process: (1) an enrichment step, which bridges population and individual-level human behavior modeling with a prototype-enriched model, and (2) a democratization step, which leverages ability levels or user prototypes to initialize and refine individual embeddings with minimal data. Our experimental results show that Maia4All can accurately predict individual moves and profile behavioral patterns with high fidelity, establishing a new standard for personalized human-like AI behavior modeling in chess. Maia4All achieves individual human behavior modeling in chess with only 20 games, compared to the 5,000 games required previously, representing a significant improvement in data efficiency. Our work provides an example of how population AI systems can flexibly adapt to individual users using a prototype-enriched model as a bridge. This approach extends beyond chess, as shown in our case study on idiosyncratic LLMs, highlighting its potential for broader applications in personalized AI adaptation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_21488
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Learning to Imitate with Less: Efficient Individual Behavior Modeling in Chess
Tang, Zhenwei
Jiao, Difan
Xue, Eric
McIlroy-Young, Reid
Kleinberg, Jon
Sen, Siddhartha
Anderson, Ashton
Artificial Intelligence
As humans seek to collaborate with, learn from, and better understand artificial intelligence systems, developing AIs that can accurately emulate individual decision-making becomes increasingly important. Chess, a long-standing AI benchmark with precise skill measurement, offers an ideal testbed for human-AI alignment. However, existing approaches to modeling human behavior require prohibitively large amounts of data from each individual, making them impractical for new or sparsely represented users. In this work, we introduce Maia4All, a framework designed to learn and adapt to individual decision-making styles efficiently, even with limited data. Maia4All achieves this through a two-stage optimization process: (1) an enrichment step, which bridges population and individual-level human behavior modeling with a prototype-enriched model, and (2) a democratization step, which leverages ability levels or user prototypes to initialize and refine individual embeddings with minimal data. Our experimental results show that Maia4All can accurately predict individual moves and profile behavioral patterns with high fidelity, establishing a new standard for personalized human-like AI behavior modeling in chess. Maia4All achieves individual human behavior modeling in chess with only 20 games, compared to the 5,000 games required previously, representing a significant improvement in data efficiency. Our work provides an example of how population AI systems can flexibly adapt to individual users using a prototype-enriched model as a bridge. This approach extends beyond chess, as shown in our case study on idiosyncratic LLMs, highlighting its potential for broader applications in personalized AI adaptation.
title Learning to Imitate with Less: Efficient Individual Behavior Modeling in Chess
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21488