NIRPS joining HARPS at ESO 3.6 m. On-sky performance and science objectives
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2025
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| author | Bouchy, Francois Doyon, Rene Pepe, Francesco Melo, Claudio Artigau, Etienne Malo, Lison Wildi, Francois Baron, Frederique Delfosse, Xavier De Medeiros, Jose Renan Rebolo, Rafael Santos, Nuno C. Wade, Gregg Allart, Romain Moulla, Khaled Al Blind, Nicolas Cadieux, Charles Martins, Bruno L. Canto Cook, Neil J. Dumusque, Xavier Frensch, Yolanda Genest, Frederic Hernandez, Jonay I. Gonzalez Grieves, Nolan Curto, Gaspare Lo Lovis, Christophe Mignon, Lucile Nielsen, Louise D. Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, Jose Luis Reshetov, Vladimir Sosnowska, Danuta Sordet, Michael Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Mascareno, Alejandro Suarez Thibault, Simon Vallee, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, Jose L. A. Allain, Guillaume Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Barros, Susana C. C. Bazinet, Luc Benneke, Bjorn Bonfils, Xavier Boucher, Anne Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sebastien Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Bruniquel, Vincent Bryan, Marta Cabral, Alexandre Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Chazelas, Bruno Cloutier, Ryan Coelho, Joao Cointepas, Marion Conod, Uriel Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo da Silva, Joao Gomes Dauplaise, Laurie Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Gomes, Roseane de Lima de Freitas, Daniel Brito Delgado-Mena, Elisa Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Ehrenreich, David Faria, Joao Figueira, Pedro Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Gagne, Jonathan Genolet, Ludovic Temich, Felix Gracia Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, Jens Hubin, Norbert Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Kauf, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Lafreniere, David Lamontagne, Pierrot Larue, Pierre Leath, Henry Heureux, Alexandrine L Leao, Izan de Castro Lim, Olivia Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sebastien Messias, Yuri S. Metchev, Stan Moranta, Leslie Mordasini, Christoph Mounzer, Dany Nari, Nicola Osborn, Ares Ouellet, Mathieu Otegi, Jon Parc, Lena Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Peroux, Celine Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Rowe, Jason Sarajlic, Mirsad Segovia, Alex Seidel, Julia Segransan, Damien Schnell, Robin Silva, Ana Rita Costa Srivastava, Avidaan Vaulato, Valentina Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Marcio A. Udry, Stephane Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gerard |
| author_facet | Bouchy, Francois Doyon, Rene Pepe, Francesco Melo, Claudio Artigau, Etienne Malo, Lison Wildi, Francois Baron, Frederique Delfosse, Xavier De Medeiros, Jose Renan Rebolo, Rafael Santos, Nuno C. Wade, Gregg Allart, Romain Moulla, Khaled Al Blind, Nicolas Cadieux, Charles Martins, Bruno L. Canto Cook, Neil J. Dumusque, Xavier Frensch, Yolanda Genest, Frederic Hernandez, Jonay I. Gonzalez Grieves, Nolan Curto, Gaspare Lo Lovis, Christophe Mignon, Lucile Nielsen, Louise D. Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, Jose Luis Reshetov, Vladimir Sosnowska, Danuta Sordet, Michael Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Mascareno, Alejandro Suarez Thibault, Simon Vallee, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, Jose L. A. Allain, Guillaume Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Barros, Susana C. C. Bazinet, Luc Benneke, Bjorn Bonfils, Xavier Boucher, Anne Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sebastien Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Bruniquel, Vincent Bryan, Marta Cabral, Alexandre Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Chazelas, Bruno Cloutier, Ryan Coelho, Joao Cointepas, Marion Conod, Uriel Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo da Silva, Joao Gomes Dauplaise, Laurie Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Gomes, Roseane de Lima de Freitas, Daniel Brito Delgado-Mena, Elisa Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Ehrenreich, David Faria, Joao Figueira, Pedro Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Gagne, Jonathan Genolet, Ludovic Temich, Felix Gracia Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, Jens Hubin, Norbert Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Kauf, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Lafreniere, David Lamontagne, Pierrot Larue, Pierre Leath, Henry Heureux, Alexandrine L Leao, Izan de Castro Lim, Olivia Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sebastien Messias, Yuri S. Metchev, Stan Moranta, Leslie Mordasini, Christoph Mounzer, Dany Nari, Nicola Osborn, Ares Ouellet, Mathieu Otegi, Jon Parc, Lena Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Peroux, Celine Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Rowe, Jason Sarajlic, Mirsad Segovia, Alex Seidel, Julia Segransan, Damien Schnell, Robin Silva, Ana Rita Costa Srivastava, Avidaan Vaulato, Valentina Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Marcio A. Udry, Stephane Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gerard |
| contents | The Near-InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS) is a high-resolution, high-stability near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph equipped with an AO system. Installed on the ESO 3.6-m telescope, it was developed to enable radial velocity (RV) measurements of low-mass exoplanets around M dwarfs and to characterise exoplanet atmospheres in the NIR. This paper provides a comprehensive design overview and characterisation of the NIRPS instrument, reporting on its on-sky performance, and presenting its GTO programme. The instrument started its operations on 1 Apr 2023 after intensive on-sky testing phases. The spectral range continuously covers the Y, J, and H bands from 972.4 to 1919.6 nm. The thermal control system maintains 1 mK stability over several months. The NIRPS AO-assisted fibre link improves coupling efficiency and offers a unique high-angular resolution capability with a fibre acceptance of only 0.4 arcsec. A high spectral resolving power of 90 000 and 75 000 is provided in HA and HE modes, respectively. The overall throughput from the top of the atmosphere to the detector peaks at 13 percent. The RV precision, measured on the bright star Proxima with a known exoplanetary system, is 77 cm/s. NIRPS and HARPS can be used simultaneously, offering unprecedented spectral coverage for spectroscopic characterisation and stellar activity mitigation. Modal noise can be aptly mitigated by the implementation of fibre stretchers and AO scanning mode. Initial results confirm that NIRPS opens new possibilities for RV measurements, stellar characterisation, and exoplanet atmosphere studies with high precision and high spectral fidelity. NIRPS demonstrated stable RV precision at the level of 1 m/s over several weeks. The instrument high throughput offers a notable improvement over previous spectrographs, enhancing our ability to detect small exoplanets. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_21767 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | NIRPS joining HARPS at ESO 3.6 m. On-sky performance and science objectives Bouchy, Francois Doyon, Rene Pepe, Francesco Melo, Claudio Artigau, Etienne Malo, Lison Wildi, Francois Baron, Frederique Delfosse, Xavier De Medeiros, Jose Renan Rebolo, Rafael Santos, Nuno C. Wade, Gregg Allart, Romain Moulla, Khaled Al Blind, Nicolas Cadieux, Charles Martins, Bruno L. Canto Cook, Neil J. Dumusque, Xavier Frensch, Yolanda Genest, Frederic Hernandez, Jonay I. Gonzalez Grieves, Nolan Curto, Gaspare Lo Lovis, Christophe Mignon, Lucile Nielsen, Louise D. Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, Jose Luis Reshetov, Vladimir Sosnowska, Danuta Sordet, Michael Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Mascareno, Alejandro Suarez Thibault, Simon Vallee, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, Jose L. A. Allain, Guillaume Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Barros, Susana C. C. Bazinet, Luc Benneke, Bjorn Bonfils, Xavier Boucher, Anne Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sebastien Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Bruniquel, Vincent Bryan, Marta Cabral, Alexandre Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Chazelas, Bruno Cloutier, Ryan Coelho, Joao Cointepas, Marion Conod, Uriel Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo da Silva, Joao Gomes Dauplaise, Laurie Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Gomes, Roseane de Lima de Freitas, Daniel Brito Delgado-Mena, Elisa Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Ehrenreich, David Faria, Joao Figueira, Pedro Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Gagne, Jonathan Genolet, Ludovic Temich, Felix Gracia Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, Jens Hubin, Norbert Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Kauf, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Lafreniere, David Lamontagne, Pierrot Larue, Pierre Leath, Henry Heureux, Alexandrine L Leao, Izan de Castro Lim, Olivia Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sebastien Messias, Yuri S. Metchev, Stan Moranta, Leslie Mordasini, Christoph Mounzer, Dany Nari, Nicola Osborn, Ares Ouellet, Mathieu Otegi, Jon Parc, Lena Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Peroux, Celine Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Rowe, Jason Sarajlic, Mirsad Segovia, Alex Seidel, Julia Segransan, Damien Schnell, Robin Silva, Ana Rita Costa Srivastava, Avidaan Vaulato, Valentina Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Marcio A. Udry, Stephane Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gerard Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Earth and Planetary Astrophysics The Near-InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS) is a high-resolution, high-stability near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph equipped with an AO system. Installed on the ESO 3.6-m telescope, it was developed to enable radial velocity (RV) measurements of low-mass exoplanets around M dwarfs and to characterise exoplanet atmospheres in the NIR. This paper provides a comprehensive design overview and characterisation of the NIRPS instrument, reporting on its on-sky performance, and presenting its GTO programme. The instrument started its operations on 1 Apr 2023 after intensive on-sky testing phases. The spectral range continuously covers the Y, J, and H bands from 972.4 to 1919.6 nm. The thermal control system maintains 1 mK stability over several months. The NIRPS AO-assisted fibre link improves coupling efficiency and offers a unique high-angular resolution capability with a fibre acceptance of only 0.4 arcsec. A high spectral resolving power of 90 000 and 75 000 is provided in HA and HE modes, respectively. The overall throughput from the top of the atmosphere to the detector peaks at 13 percent. The RV precision, measured on the bright star Proxima with a known exoplanetary system, is 77 cm/s. NIRPS and HARPS can be used simultaneously, offering unprecedented spectral coverage for spectroscopic characterisation and stellar activity mitigation. Modal noise can be aptly mitigated by the implementation of fibre stretchers and AO scanning mode. Initial results confirm that NIRPS opens new possibilities for RV measurements, stellar characterisation, and exoplanet atmosphere studies with high precision and high spectral fidelity. NIRPS demonstrated stable RV precision at the level of 1 m/s over several weeks. The instrument high throughput offers a notable improvement over previous spectrographs, enhancing our ability to detect small exoplanets. |
| title | NIRPS joining HARPS at ESO 3.6 m. On-sky performance and science objectives |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21767 |