Time-Resolved EEG Decoding of Semantic Processing Reveals Altered Neural Dynamics in Depression and Suicidality

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Jeong, Woojae, Kommineni, Aditya, Avramidis, Kleanthis, McDaniel, Colin, Berry, Donald, Hughes, Myzelle, McGee, Thomas, Kaiser, Elsi, Byrd, Dani, Habibi, Assal, Cahn, B. Rael, Blank, Idan A., Lerman, Kristina, Pantazis, Dimitrios, Kadiri, Sudarsana R., Medani, Takfarinas, Narayanan, Shrikanth, Leahy, Richard M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Jeong, Woojae
Kommineni, Aditya
Avramidis, Kleanthis
McDaniel, Colin
Berry, Donald
Hughes, Myzelle
McGee, Thomas
Kaiser, Elsi
Byrd, Dani
Habibi, Assal
Cahn, B. Rael
Blank, Idan A.
Lerman, Kristina
Pantazis, Dimitrios
Kadiri, Sudarsana R.
Medani, Takfarinas
Narayanan, Shrikanth
Leahy, Richard M.
author_facet Jeong, Woojae
Kommineni, Aditya
Avramidis, Kleanthis
McDaniel, Colin
Berry, Donald
Hughes, Myzelle
McGee, Thomas
Kaiser, Elsi
Byrd, Dani
Habibi, Assal
Cahn, B. Rael
Blank, Idan A.
Lerman, Kristina
Pantazis, Dimitrios
Kadiri, Sudarsana R.
Medani, Takfarinas
Narayanan, Shrikanth
Leahy, Richard M.
contents Depression and suicidality affect cognitive and emotional processes, yet objective, task-evoked neural readouts of mental health remain limited. We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of affective semantic processing using multivariate decoding of time-resolved, 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG). Participants (N=137) performed a sentence-evaluation task with emotionally salient, self-referential statements. We identified robust neural signatures of semantic processing, with peak decoding accuracy between 300-600 ms -- a window associated with rapid, stimulus-driven semantic evaluation and conflict monitoring. Relative to healthy controls, individuals with depression and suicidal ideation showed earlier onset, longer duration, and greater amplitude decoding responses, along with broader cross-temporal generalization and enhanced contributions from frontocentral and parietotemporal components. These findings suggest altered sensitivity and impaired disengagement from emotionally salient content in the clinical groups, advancing our understanding of the neurocognitive basis of mental health and establishing a compact and interpretable EEG-based index of semantic-evaluation dynamics with potential diagnostic relevance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_22313
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time-Resolved EEG Decoding of Semantic Processing Reveals Altered Neural Dynamics in Depression and Suicidality
Jeong, Woojae
Kommineni, Aditya
Avramidis, Kleanthis
McDaniel, Colin
Berry, Donald
Hughes, Myzelle
McGee, Thomas
Kaiser, Elsi
Byrd, Dani
Habibi, Assal
Cahn, B. Rael
Blank, Idan A.
Lerman, Kristina
Pantazis, Dimitrios
Kadiri, Sudarsana R.
Medani, Takfarinas
Narayanan, Shrikanth
Leahy, Richard M.
Neurons and Cognition
Machine Learning
Signal Processing
Depression and suicidality affect cognitive and emotional processes, yet objective, task-evoked neural readouts of mental health remain limited. We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of affective semantic processing using multivariate decoding of time-resolved, 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG). Participants (N=137) performed a sentence-evaluation task with emotionally salient, self-referential statements. We identified robust neural signatures of semantic processing, with peak decoding accuracy between 300-600 ms -- a window associated with rapid, stimulus-driven semantic evaluation and conflict monitoring. Relative to healthy controls, individuals with depression and suicidal ideation showed earlier onset, longer duration, and greater amplitude decoding responses, along with broader cross-temporal generalization and enhanced contributions from frontocentral and parietotemporal components. These findings suggest altered sensitivity and impaired disengagement from emotionally salient content in the clinical groups, advancing our understanding of the neurocognitive basis of mental health and establishing a compact and interpretable EEG-based index of semantic-evaluation dynamics with potential diagnostic relevance.
title Time-Resolved EEG Decoding of Semantic Processing Reveals Altered Neural Dynamics in Depression and Suicidality
topic Neurons and Cognition
Machine Learning
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22313