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Main Authors: Feng, Xiaodong, Guo, Ling, Wan, Xiaoliang, Wu, Hao, Zhou, Tao, Zhou, Wenwen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22493
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author Feng, Xiaodong
Guo, Ling
Wan, Xiaoliang
Wu, Hao
Zhou, Tao
Zhou, Wenwen
author_facet Feng, Xiaodong
Guo, Ling
Wan, Xiaoliang
Wu, Hao
Zhou, Tao
Zhou, Wenwen
contents We propose a novel probabilistic framework, termed LVM-GP, for uncertainty quantification in solving forward and inverse partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy data. The core idea is to construct a stochastic mapping from the input to a high-dimensional latent representation, enabling uncertainty-aware prediction of the solution. Specifically, the architecture consists of a confidence-aware encoder and a probabilistic decoder. The encoder implements a high-dimensional latent variable model based on a Gaussian process (LVM-GP), where the latent representation is constructed by interpolating between a learnable deterministic feature and a Gaussian process prior, with the interpolation strength adaptively controlled by a confidence function learned from data. The decoder defines a conditional Gaussian distribution over the solution field, where the mean is predicted by a neural operator applied to the latent representation, allowing the model to learn flexible function-to-function mapping. Moreover, physical laws are enforced as soft constraints in the loss function to ensure consistency with the underlying PDE structure. Compared to existing approaches such as Bayesian physics-informed neural networks (B-PINNs) and deep ensembles, the proposed framework can efficiently capture functional dependencies via merging a latent Gaussian process and neural operator, resulting in competitive predictive accuracy and robust uncertainty quantification. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the method.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_22493
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LVM-GP: Uncertainty-Aware PDE Solver via coupling latent variable model and Gaussian process
Feng, Xiaodong
Guo, Ling
Wan, Xiaoliang
Wu, Hao
Zhou, Tao
Zhou, Wenwen
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
We propose a novel probabilistic framework, termed LVM-GP, for uncertainty quantification in solving forward and inverse partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy data. The core idea is to construct a stochastic mapping from the input to a high-dimensional latent representation, enabling uncertainty-aware prediction of the solution. Specifically, the architecture consists of a confidence-aware encoder and a probabilistic decoder. The encoder implements a high-dimensional latent variable model based on a Gaussian process (LVM-GP), where the latent representation is constructed by interpolating between a learnable deterministic feature and a Gaussian process prior, with the interpolation strength adaptively controlled by a confidence function learned from data. The decoder defines a conditional Gaussian distribution over the solution field, where the mean is predicted by a neural operator applied to the latent representation, allowing the model to learn flexible function-to-function mapping. Moreover, physical laws are enforced as soft constraints in the loss function to ensure consistency with the underlying PDE structure. Compared to existing approaches such as Bayesian physics-informed neural networks (B-PINNs) and deep ensembles, the proposed framework can efficiently capture functional dependencies via merging a latent Gaussian process and neural operator, resulting in competitive predictive accuracy and robust uncertainty quantification. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the method.
title LVM-GP: Uncertainty-Aware PDE Solver via coupling latent variable model and Gaussian process
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22493