Dynamical freezing and enhanced magnetometry in an interacting spin ensemble
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866908473291177984 |
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| author | Lu, Ya-Nan Yuan, Dong Ma, Yixuan Liu, Yan-Qing Jiang, Si Meng, Xiang-Qian Xu, Yi-Jie Chang, Xiu-Ying Zu, Chong Zhao, Hong-Zheng Deng, Dong-Ling Duan, Lu-Ming Hou, Pan-Yu |
| author_facet | Lu, Ya-Nan Yuan, Dong Ma, Yixuan Liu, Yan-Qing Jiang, Si Meng, Xiang-Qian Xu, Yi-Jie Chang, Xiu-Ying Zu, Chong Zhao, Hong-Zheng Deng, Dong-Ling Duan, Lu-Ming Hou, Pan-Yu |
| contents | Understanding and controlling non-equilibrium dynamics in quantum many-body systems is a fundamental challenge in modern physics, with profound implications for advancing quantum technologies. Typically, periodically driven systems in the absence of conservation laws thermalize to a featureless "infinite-temperature" state, erasing all memory of their initial conditions. However, this paradigm can break down through mechanisms such as integrability, many-body localization, quantum many-body scars, and Hilbert space fragmentation. Here, we report the experimental observation of dynamical freezing, a distinct mechanism of thermalization breakdown in driven systems, and demonstrate its application in quantum sensing using an ensemble of approximately $10^4$ interacting nitrogen-vacancy spins in diamond. By precisely controlling the driving frequency and detuning, we observe emergent long-lived spin magnetization and coherent oscillatory micromotions, persisting over timescales exceeding the interaction-limited coherence time ($T_2$) by more than an order of magnitude. Leveraging these unconventional dynamics, we develop a dynamical-freezing-enhanced ac magnetometry that extends optimal sensing times far beyond $T_2$, outperforming conventional dynamical decoupling magnetometry with a 4.3 dB sensitivity enhancement. Our results not only provide clear experimental observation of dynamical freezing -- a peculiar mechanism defying thermalization through emergent conservation laws -- but also establish a robust control method generally applicable to diverse physical platforms, with broad implications in quantum metrology and beyond. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2507_22982 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dynamical freezing and enhanced magnetometry in an interacting spin ensemble Lu, Ya-Nan Yuan, Dong Ma, Yixuan Liu, Yan-Qing Jiang, Si Meng, Xiang-Qian Xu, Yi-Jie Chang, Xiu-Ying Zu, Chong Zhao, Hong-Zheng Deng, Dong-Ling Duan, Lu-Ming Hou, Pan-Yu Quantum Physics Disordered Systems and Neural Networks Statistical Mechanics Strongly Correlated Electrons Understanding and controlling non-equilibrium dynamics in quantum many-body systems is a fundamental challenge in modern physics, with profound implications for advancing quantum technologies. Typically, periodically driven systems in the absence of conservation laws thermalize to a featureless "infinite-temperature" state, erasing all memory of their initial conditions. However, this paradigm can break down through mechanisms such as integrability, many-body localization, quantum many-body scars, and Hilbert space fragmentation. Here, we report the experimental observation of dynamical freezing, a distinct mechanism of thermalization breakdown in driven systems, and demonstrate its application in quantum sensing using an ensemble of approximately $10^4$ interacting nitrogen-vacancy spins in diamond. By precisely controlling the driving frequency and detuning, we observe emergent long-lived spin magnetization and coherent oscillatory micromotions, persisting over timescales exceeding the interaction-limited coherence time ($T_2$) by more than an order of magnitude. Leveraging these unconventional dynamics, we develop a dynamical-freezing-enhanced ac magnetometry that extends optimal sensing times far beyond $T_2$, outperforming conventional dynamical decoupling magnetometry with a 4.3 dB sensitivity enhancement. Our results not only provide clear experimental observation of dynamical freezing -- a peculiar mechanism defying thermalization through emergent conservation laws -- but also establish a robust control method generally applicable to diverse physical platforms, with broad implications in quantum metrology and beyond. |
| title | Dynamical freezing and enhanced magnetometry in an interacting spin ensemble |
| topic | Quantum Physics Disordered Systems and Neural Networks Statistical Mechanics Strongly Correlated Electrons |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22982 |