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Main Author: Gaysin, Azza
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00396
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author Gaysin, Azza
author_facet Gaysin, Azza
contents Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) form a broad class of combinatorial problems, which can be formulated as homomorphism problems between relational structures. The CSP dichotomy theorem classifies all such problems over finite domains into two categories: NP-complete and polynomial-time, see Zhuk (2017), Bulatov (2017). Polynomial-time CSPs can be further subdivided into smaller subclasses. Mal'tsev CSPs are defined by the property that every relation in the problem is invariant under a Mal'tsev operation, a ternary operation $μ$ satisfying $μ(x, y, y) = μ(y, y, x) = x$ for all $x, y$. Bulatov and Dalmau proved that Mal'tsev CSPs are solvable in polynomial time, presenting an algorithm for such CSPs (2006). The negation of an unsatisfiable CSP instance can be expressed as a propositional tautology. We formalize the algorithm for Mal'tsev CSPs within bounded arithmetic $V^1$, which captures polynomial-time reasoning and corresponds to the extended Frege proof system. We show that $V^1$ proves the soundness of Mal'tsev algorithm, implying that tautologies expressing the non-existence of a solution for unsatisfiable instances of Mal'tsev CSPs admit short extended Frege proofs. In addition, with small adjustments, we achieved an analogous result for Dalmau's algorithm that solves generalized majority-minority CSPs -- a common generalization of near-unanimity operations and Mal'tsev operations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_00396
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Proof complexity of Mal'tsev CSP
Gaysin, Azza
Logic
Computational Complexity
Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) form a broad class of combinatorial problems, which can be formulated as homomorphism problems between relational structures. The CSP dichotomy theorem classifies all such problems over finite domains into two categories: NP-complete and polynomial-time, see Zhuk (2017), Bulatov (2017). Polynomial-time CSPs can be further subdivided into smaller subclasses. Mal'tsev CSPs are defined by the property that every relation in the problem is invariant under a Mal'tsev operation, a ternary operation $μ$ satisfying $μ(x, y, y) = μ(y, y, x) = x$ for all $x, y$. Bulatov and Dalmau proved that Mal'tsev CSPs are solvable in polynomial time, presenting an algorithm for such CSPs (2006). The negation of an unsatisfiable CSP instance can be expressed as a propositional tautology. We formalize the algorithm for Mal'tsev CSPs within bounded arithmetic $V^1$, which captures polynomial-time reasoning and corresponds to the extended Frege proof system. We show that $V^1$ proves the soundness of Mal'tsev algorithm, implying that tautologies expressing the non-existence of a solution for unsatisfiable instances of Mal'tsev CSPs admit short extended Frege proofs. In addition, with small adjustments, we achieved an analogous result for Dalmau's algorithm that solves generalized majority-minority CSPs -- a common generalization of near-unanimity operations and Mal'tsev operations.
title Proof complexity of Mal'tsev CSP
topic Logic
Computational Complexity
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00396