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Main Authors: Ververs, Linus, Berger, Janina, Prechelt, Lutz
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00462
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author Ververs, Linus
Berger, Janina
Prechelt, Lutz
author_facet Ververs, Linus
Berger, Janina
Prechelt, Lutz
contents Background: In pair programming, Togetherness (the partners understand each other's mental state well) is a main success factor. Maintaining high Togetherness is an element of pair programming skill. Some sessions appear to go badly although Togetherness appears good. Objective: Understand under what circumstances this is possible. Method: Grounded Theory Methodology based on 21 recorded pair programming sessions with 22 developers from 5 German software companies and 6 interviews with different developers from 4 other German companies. Results: We explain how a Power Gap can make a session dysfunctional despite the presence of high Togetherness, how it comes into existence due to a Knowledge Gap and Hierarchical Behavior, why its consequences (Defensive Behavior and Disengaging Behavior) are problematic, and how it can be reduced or prevented by Equalizing Behavior. Conclusions: Pair programming practitioners can improve their pair programming skill by unlearning problematic behaviors related to Power Gaps and by learning to recognize Power Gaps and apply Equalizing Behavior.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_00462
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Managing Power Gaps as an Element of Pair Programming Skill: A Grounded Theory
Ververs, Linus
Berger, Janina
Prechelt, Lutz
Software Engineering
Background: In pair programming, Togetherness (the partners understand each other's mental state well) is a main success factor. Maintaining high Togetherness is an element of pair programming skill. Some sessions appear to go badly although Togetherness appears good. Objective: Understand under what circumstances this is possible. Method: Grounded Theory Methodology based on 21 recorded pair programming sessions with 22 developers from 5 German software companies and 6 interviews with different developers from 4 other German companies. Results: We explain how a Power Gap can make a session dysfunctional despite the presence of high Togetherness, how it comes into existence due to a Knowledge Gap and Hierarchical Behavior, why its consequences (Defensive Behavior and Disengaging Behavior) are problematic, and how it can be reduced or prevented by Equalizing Behavior. Conclusions: Pair programming practitioners can improve their pair programming skill by unlearning problematic behaviors related to Power Gaps and by learning to recognize Power Gaps and apply Equalizing Behavior.
title Managing Power Gaps as an Element of Pair Programming Skill: A Grounded Theory
topic Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00462