MIHBench: Benchmarking and Mitigating Multi-Image Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Jiale, Wu, Mingrui, Jin, Zixiang, Chen, Hao, Ji, Jiayi, Sun, Xiaoshuai, Cao, Liujuan, Ji, Rongrong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Jiale
Wu, Mingrui
Jin, Zixiang
Chen, Hao
Ji, Jiayi
Sun, Xiaoshuai
Cao, Liujuan
Ji, Rongrong
author_facet Li, Jiale
Wu, Mingrui
Jin, Zixiang
Chen, Hao
Ji, Jiayi
Sun, Xiaoshuai
Cao, Liujuan
Ji, Rongrong
contents Despite growing interest in hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models, existing studies primarily focus on single-image settings, leaving hallucination in multi-image scenarios largely unexplored. To address this gap, we conduct the first systematic study of hallucinations in multi-image MLLMs and propose MIHBench, a benchmark specifically tailored for evaluating object-related hallucinations across multiple images. MIHBench comprises three core tasks: Multi-Image Object Existence Hallucination, Multi-Image Object Count Hallucination, and Object Identity Consistency Hallucination, targeting semantic understanding across object existence, quantity reasoning, and cross-view identity consistency. Through extensive evaluation, we identify key factors associated with the occurrence of multi-image hallucinations, including: a progressive relationship between the number of image inputs and the likelihood of hallucination occurrences; a strong correlation between single-image hallucination tendencies and those observed in multi-image contexts; and the influence of same-object image ratios and the positional placement of negative samples within image sequences on the occurrence of object identity consistency hallucination. To address these challenges, we propose a Dynamic Attention Balancing mechanism that adjusts inter-image attention distributions while preserving the overall visual attention proportion. Experiments across multiple state-of-the-art MLLMs demonstrate that our method effectively reduces hallucination occurrences and enhances semantic integration and reasoning stability in multi-image scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_00726
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MIHBench: Benchmarking and Mitigating Multi-Image Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models
Li, Jiale
Wu, Mingrui
Jin, Zixiang
Chen, Hao
Ji, Jiayi
Sun, Xiaoshuai
Cao, Liujuan
Ji, Rongrong
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Despite growing interest in hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models, existing studies primarily focus on single-image settings, leaving hallucination in multi-image scenarios largely unexplored. To address this gap, we conduct the first systematic study of hallucinations in multi-image MLLMs and propose MIHBench, a benchmark specifically tailored for evaluating object-related hallucinations across multiple images. MIHBench comprises three core tasks: Multi-Image Object Existence Hallucination, Multi-Image Object Count Hallucination, and Object Identity Consistency Hallucination, targeting semantic understanding across object existence, quantity reasoning, and cross-view identity consistency. Through extensive evaluation, we identify key factors associated with the occurrence of multi-image hallucinations, including: a progressive relationship between the number of image inputs and the likelihood of hallucination occurrences; a strong correlation between single-image hallucination tendencies and those observed in multi-image contexts; and the influence of same-object image ratios and the positional placement of negative samples within image sequences on the occurrence of object identity consistency hallucination. To address these challenges, we propose a Dynamic Attention Balancing mechanism that adjusts inter-image attention distributions while preserving the overall visual attention proportion. Experiments across multiple state-of-the-art MLLMs demonstrate that our method effectively reduces hallucination occurrences and enhances semantic integration and reasoning stability in multi-image scenarios.
title MIHBench: Benchmarking and Mitigating Multi-Image Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00726