LinkQA: Synthesizing Diverse QA from Multiple Seeds Strongly Linked by Knowledge Points

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Xuemiao, Ren, Can, Tu, Chengying, Weng, Rongxiang, Yan, Hongfei, Wang, Jingang, Cai, Xunliang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Xuemiao
Ren, Can
Tu, Chengying
Weng, Rongxiang
Yan, Hongfei
Wang, Jingang
Cai, Xunliang
author_facet Zhang, Xuemiao
Ren, Can
Tu, Chengying
Weng, Rongxiang
Yan, Hongfei
Wang, Jingang
Cai, Xunliang
contents The advancement of large language models (LLMs) struggles with the scarcity of high-quality, diverse training data. To address this limitation, we propose LinkSyn, a novel knowledge point (KP) graph-based synthesis framework that enables flexible control over discipline and difficulty distributions while balancing KP coverage and popularity. LinkSyn extracts KPs from question-answering (QA) seed data and constructs a KP graph to synthesize diverse QA data from multiple seeds strongly linked by KPs and sampled from graph walks. Specifically, LinkSyn incorporates (1) a knowledge distribution value function to guide the adjustment of path sampling probability and balance KP coverage and popularity during graph walks; (2) diffusion-based synthesis via DeepSeek-R1 by leveraging multiple seeds with dense logical associations along each path; and (3) high-difficulty QA enhancement within given disciplines by flexible difficulty adjustments. By executing LinkSyn, we synthesize LinkQA, a diverse multi-disciplinary QA dataset with 50B tokens. Extensive experiments on Llama-3 8B demonstrate that continual pre-training with LinkQA yields an average improvement of $\mathbf{11.51\%}$ on MMLU and CMMLU, establishing new SOTA results. LinkQA consistently enhances performance across model size and initial FLOPs scales.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_01317
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LinkQA: Synthesizing Diverse QA from Multiple Seeds Strongly Linked by Knowledge Points
Zhang, Xuemiao
Ren, Can
Tu, Chengying
Weng, Rongxiang
Yan, Hongfei
Wang, Jingang
Cai, Xunliang
Computation and Language
The advancement of large language models (LLMs) struggles with the scarcity of high-quality, diverse training data. To address this limitation, we propose LinkSyn, a novel knowledge point (KP) graph-based synthesis framework that enables flexible control over discipline and difficulty distributions while balancing KP coverage and popularity. LinkSyn extracts KPs from question-answering (QA) seed data and constructs a KP graph to synthesize diverse QA data from multiple seeds strongly linked by KPs and sampled from graph walks. Specifically, LinkSyn incorporates (1) a knowledge distribution value function to guide the adjustment of path sampling probability and balance KP coverage and popularity during graph walks; (2) diffusion-based synthesis via DeepSeek-R1 by leveraging multiple seeds with dense logical associations along each path; and (3) high-difficulty QA enhancement within given disciplines by flexible difficulty adjustments. By executing LinkSyn, we synthesize LinkQA, a diverse multi-disciplinary QA dataset with 50B tokens. Extensive experiments on Llama-3 8B demonstrate that continual pre-training with LinkQA yields an average improvement of $\mathbf{11.51\%}$ on MMLU and CMMLU, establishing new SOTA results. LinkQA consistently enhances performance across model size and initial FLOPs scales.
title LinkQA: Synthesizing Diverse QA from Multiple Seeds Strongly Linked by Knowledge Points
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01317