Rotational evolution of deformed magnetized neutron stars: implications for obliquity distribution and braking indices statistics

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Biryukov, Anton, Abolmasov, Pavel, Levinson, Amir
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866912682546823168
author Biryukov, Anton
Abolmasov, Pavel
Levinson, Amir
author_facet Biryukov, Anton
Abolmasov, Pavel
Levinson, Amir
contents The rotational evolution of a strongly magnetized neutron star (NS), accreting or isolated, is driven by external torques of different nature. In addition to the torques, even the tiniest deformations of the NS crust can affect its rotation through asymmetries in its inertia tensor. Several factors may be responsible for the deformations, including strong magnetic fields, internal stresses, or local heating. The main effect produced by the deformations is the so-called free precession: the motion of the rotational axis with respect to the crust. We consider the evolution of a triaxially deformed isolated NS with a strong dipolar magnetic field for a broad range of parameters, taking into account the magnetic field decay. We show that the combination of pulsar torques and free precession results in a considerable broadening of the distribution of magnetic obliquity angles (the angle between the magnetic and rotational axes) and creates a population of objects where the rotational axis does not align with the magnetic axis at all but enters a limit-cycle regime. The combination of free precession and magnetic torques can also explain the observed distribution in pulsar braking indices by creating a periodic oscillation in the magnetic obliquity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_01721
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Rotational evolution of deformed magnetized neutron stars: implications for obliquity distribution and braking indices statistics
Biryukov, Anton
Abolmasov, Pavel
Levinson, Amir
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The rotational evolution of a strongly magnetized neutron star (NS), accreting or isolated, is driven by external torques of different nature. In addition to the torques, even the tiniest deformations of the NS crust can affect its rotation through asymmetries in its inertia tensor. Several factors may be responsible for the deformations, including strong magnetic fields, internal stresses, or local heating. The main effect produced by the deformations is the so-called free precession: the motion of the rotational axis with respect to the crust. We consider the evolution of a triaxially deformed isolated NS with a strong dipolar magnetic field for a broad range of parameters, taking into account the magnetic field decay. We show that the combination of pulsar torques and free precession results in a considerable broadening of the distribution of magnetic obliquity angles (the angle between the magnetic and rotational axes) and creates a population of objects where the rotational axis does not align with the magnetic axis at all but enters a limit-cycle regime. The combination of free precession and magnetic torques can also explain the observed distribution in pulsar braking indices by creating a periodic oscillation in the magnetic obliquity.
title Rotational evolution of deformed magnetized neutron stars: implications for obliquity distribution and braking indices statistics
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01721