Unraveling the Molecular Structure of Lipid Nanoparticles through in-silico Self-Assembly for Rational Delivery Design

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Bai, Xuan, Lu, Yu, Yu, Tianhao, Lv, Kangjie, Yao, Cai, Shi, Feng, Liu, Andong, Wang, Kai, Wang, Wenshou, Lai, Chris
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Bai, Xuan
Lu, Yu
Yu, Tianhao
Lv, Kangjie
Yao, Cai
Shi, Feng
Liu, Andong
Wang, Kai
Wang, Wenshou
Lai, Chris
author_facet Bai, Xuan
Lu, Yu
Yu, Tianhao
Lv, Kangjie
Yao, Cai
Shi, Feng
Liu, Andong
Wang, Kai
Wang, Wenshou
Lai, Chris
contents Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a leading platform in the delivery of RNA-based therapeutics, playing a pivotal role in the clinical success of mRNA vaccines and other nucleic acid drugs. Their performance in RNA encapsulation and delivery is critically governed by the molecular structure of ionizable lipids and the overall formulation composition. However, mechanistic insight into how these factors govern LNP architecture and function remains limited, primarily owing to the challenges of capturing nanoscale assembly and organization using experimental techniques. Here, we employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate how ionizable lipid chemistry influences LNP self-assembly, internal organization, and surface properties. We further explore the effects of formulation ratios and pH-dependent deprotonation on both the internal structure and surface morphology of LNPs. Leveraging these insights, we demonstrate how in silico structural characteristics can inform the rational design of novel ionizable lipids and optimization of formulation ratios, supported with experimental validations. Our findings offer a molecular-level understanding of LNP assembly dynamics and architecture, thereby establishing a computational framework linking lipid chemistry and LNP formulation to the structure and performance of LNP, to advance the rational design of novel LNP delivery systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_01843
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unraveling the Molecular Structure of Lipid Nanoparticles through in-silico Self-Assembly for Rational Delivery Design
Bai, Xuan
Lu, Yu
Yu, Tianhao
Lv, Kangjie
Yao, Cai
Shi, Feng
Liu, Andong
Wang, Kai
Wang, Wenshou
Lai, Chris
Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a leading platform in the delivery of RNA-based therapeutics, playing a pivotal role in the clinical success of mRNA vaccines and other nucleic acid drugs. Their performance in RNA encapsulation and delivery is critically governed by the molecular structure of ionizable lipids and the overall formulation composition. However, mechanistic insight into how these factors govern LNP architecture and function remains limited, primarily owing to the challenges of capturing nanoscale assembly and organization using experimental techniques. Here, we employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate how ionizable lipid chemistry influences LNP self-assembly, internal organization, and surface properties. We further explore the effects of formulation ratios and pH-dependent deprotonation on both the internal structure and surface morphology of LNPs. Leveraging these insights, we demonstrate how in silico structural characteristics can inform the rational design of novel ionizable lipids and optimization of formulation ratios, supported with experimental validations. Our findings offer a molecular-level understanding of LNP assembly dynamics and architecture, thereby establishing a computational framework linking lipid chemistry and LNP formulation to the structure and performance of LNP, to advance the rational design of novel LNP delivery systems.
title Unraveling the Molecular Structure of Lipid Nanoparticles through in-silico Self-Assembly for Rational Delivery Design
topic Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01843