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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02100 |
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| _version_ | 1866913974217342976 |
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| author | Brustein, Ram Medved, A. J. M. Simhon, Tamar |
| author_facet | Brustein, Ram Medved, A. J. M. Simhon, Tamar |
| contents | The frozen star is a type of black hole mimicker: An ultracompact object whose exterior geometry resembles that of a general-relativistic black hole but differs in its matter composition and in the regularity of its interior geometry. It is sourced by a spherically symmetric collection of open-string flux tubes, which posses an extremely anisotropic energy-momentum-stress tensor with maximally negative radial pressure. The frozen star represents an effective classical description of the highly quantum, closed-string polymer model. A key challenge for any model of a black hole mimicker is to explain how such objects can form from a collapsing body of matter. We started to address this important problem in a previous article by adapting the Euclidean-action method of Gibbons and Hawking to show that the transition into a frozen star is likely. Here, we improve on our previous results by showing that the transition probability for a collapsing shell of matter to tunnel quantum mechanically into a frozen star is unity, up to negligible corrections. Our conclusion is that such a transition is therefore inevitable. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_02100 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Formation of Frozen Stars from collapsing matter by tunneling Brustein, Ram Medved, A. J. M. Simhon, Tamar General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology The frozen star is a type of black hole mimicker: An ultracompact object whose exterior geometry resembles that of a general-relativistic black hole but differs in its matter composition and in the regularity of its interior geometry. It is sourced by a spherically symmetric collection of open-string flux tubes, which posses an extremely anisotropic energy-momentum-stress tensor with maximally negative radial pressure. The frozen star represents an effective classical description of the highly quantum, closed-string polymer model. A key challenge for any model of a black hole mimicker is to explain how such objects can form from a collapsing body of matter. We started to address this important problem in a previous article by adapting the Euclidean-action method of Gibbons and Hawking to show that the transition into a frozen star is likely. Here, we improve on our previous results by showing that the transition probability for a collapsing shell of matter to tunnel quantum mechanically into a frozen star is unity, up to negligible corrections. Our conclusion is that such a transition is therefore inevitable. |
| title | Formation of Frozen Stars from collapsing matter by tunneling |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02100 |