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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02380 |
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| _version_ | 1866915727465775104 |
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| author | Chen, Yu-Chang Ling, Chia-Yang Lin, Ken-Ming |
| author_facet | Chen, Yu-Chang Ling, Chia-Yang Lin, Ken-Ming |
| contents | Scaling field-effect transistors (FETs) into the sub-10-nm regime fundamentally alters the transport mechanism, challenging long-standing design rules. This study investigates monolayer TMD FETs with channel lengths from 12 nm to 3 nm, quantifying the competition between semiclassical thermionic current and quantum tunneling. We show that quantum transport, as described by the Landauer formula, asymptotically approaches classical thermionic emission in the long-channel and high-temperature limit, in accordance with Richardson law. A competition parameter $ζ$ cleanly delineates the semiclassical-to-quantum transition, and two characteristic temperatures emerge: $T_{op}$ (minimizing $J_{OFF}$ and $T_{c}$ (thermionic onset). For $L_{ch}<9$ nm, $T_{op}<300$ K and $J_{OFF}$ is tunneling-dominated; the 3 nm device remains tunneling-dominated up to 500 K and achieves a subthreshold swing overcoming Boltzmann tyranny via the steep slope of $τ(E)$. However, the short-channel effect also generates leakage current and makes the transistor difficult to turn off. For $L_{ch} \geq 9$ nm, $T_{op}>300$ K and $J_{OFF}$ is thermionic-dominated, and the subthreshold swing approaches Boltzmann tyranny scaled by $α_{in}}$. Consequently, the ideal channel length for 2D FETs is $L_{ch} \approx 10$ nm. These results provide criteria for selecting the optimal operating temperature and gate-voltage windows in miniaturizing 2D FETs, and pinpoint the crossover at which quantum tunneling current becomes comparable to semiclassical thermionic emission. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_02380 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Classical-to-Quantum Crossover in 2D TMD Field-Effect Transistors: A First-Principles Study via Sub-10 nm Channel Scaling Beyond the Boltzmann Tyranny Chen, Yu-Chang Ling, Chia-Yang Lin, Ken-Ming Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Scaling field-effect transistors (FETs) into the sub-10-nm regime fundamentally alters the transport mechanism, challenging long-standing design rules. This study investigates monolayer TMD FETs with channel lengths from 12 nm to 3 nm, quantifying the competition between semiclassical thermionic current and quantum tunneling. We show that quantum transport, as described by the Landauer formula, asymptotically approaches classical thermionic emission in the long-channel and high-temperature limit, in accordance with Richardson law. A competition parameter $ζ$ cleanly delineates the semiclassical-to-quantum transition, and two characteristic temperatures emerge: $T_{op}$ (minimizing $J_{OFF}$ and $T_{c}$ (thermionic onset). For $L_{ch}<9$ nm, $T_{op}<300$ K and $J_{OFF}$ is tunneling-dominated; the 3 nm device remains tunneling-dominated up to 500 K and achieves a subthreshold swing overcoming Boltzmann tyranny via the steep slope of $τ(E)$. However, the short-channel effect also generates leakage current and makes the transistor difficult to turn off. For $L_{ch} \geq 9$ nm, $T_{op}>300$ K and $J_{OFF}$ is thermionic-dominated, and the subthreshold swing approaches Boltzmann tyranny scaled by $α_{in}}$. Consequently, the ideal channel length for 2D FETs is $L_{ch} \approx 10$ nm. These results provide criteria for selecting the optimal operating temperature and gate-voltage windows in miniaturizing 2D FETs, and pinpoint the crossover at which quantum tunneling current becomes comparable to semiclassical thermionic emission. |
| title | Classical-to-Quantum Crossover in 2D TMD Field-Effect Transistors: A First-Principles Study via Sub-10 nm Channel Scaling Beyond the Boltzmann Tyranny |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02380 |