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Main Authors: Noori, Ali, Devkota, Pratik, Mohanty, Somya, Manda, Prashanti
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02556
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author Noori, Ali
Devkota, Pratik
Mohanty, Somya
Manda, Prashanti
author_facet Noori, Ali
Devkota, Pratik
Mohanty, Somya
Manda, Prashanti
contents Automated annotation of clinical text with standardized medical concepts is critical for enabling structured data extraction and decision support. SNOMED CT provides a rich ontology for labeling clinical entities, but manual annotation is labor-intensive and impractical at scale. This study introduces a neural sequence labeling approach for SNOMED CT concept recognition using a Bidirectional GRU model. Leveraging a subset of MIMIC-IV, we preprocess text with domain-adapted SpaCy and SciBERT-based tokenization, segmenting sentences into overlapping 19-token chunks enriched with contextual, syntactic, and morphological features. The Bi-GRU model assigns IOB tags to identify concept spans and achieves strong performance with a 90 percent F1-score on the validation set. These results surpass traditional rule-based systems and match or exceed existing neural models. Qualitative analysis shows effective handling of ambiguous terms and misspellings. Our findings highlight that lightweight RNN-based architectures can deliver high-quality clinical concept annotation with significantly lower computational cost than transformer-based models, making them well-suited for real-world deployment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_02556
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Automated SNOMED CT Concept Annotation in Clinical Text Using Bi-GRU Neural Networks
Noori, Ali
Devkota, Pratik
Mohanty, Somya
Manda, Prashanti
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Automated annotation of clinical text with standardized medical concepts is critical for enabling structured data extraction and decision support. SNOMED CT provides a rich ontology for labeling clinical entities, but manual annotation is labor-intensive and impractical at scale. This study introduces a neural sequence labeling approach for SNOMED CT concept recognition using a Bidirectional GRU model. Leveraging a subset of MIMIC-IV, we preprocess text with domain-adapted SpaCy and SciBERT-based tokenization, segmenting sentences into overlapping 19-token chunks enriched with contextual, syntactic, and morphological features. The Bi-GRU model assigns IOB tags to identify concept spans and achieves strong performance with a 90 percent F1-score on the validation set. These results surpass traditional rule-based systems and match or exceed existing neural models. Qualitative analysis shows effective handling of ambiguous terms and misspellings. Our findings highlight that lightweight RNN-based architectures can deliver high-quality clinical concept annotation with significantly lower computational cost than transformer-based models, making them well-suited for real-world deployment.
title Automated SNOMED CT Concept Annotation in Clinical Text Using Bi-GRU Neural Networks
topic Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02556