Blueprint First, Model Second: A Framework for Deterministic LLM Workflow

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Qiu, Libin, Ye, Yuhang, Gao, Zhirong, Zou, Xide, Chen, Junfu, Gui, Ziming, Huang, Weizhi, Xue, Xiaobo, Qiu, Wenkai, Zhao, Kun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Qiu, Libin
Ye, Yuhang
Gao, Zhirong
Zou, Xide
Chen, Junfu
Gui, Ziming
Huang, Weizhi
Xue, Xiaobo
Qiu, Wenkai
Zhao, Kun
author_facet Qiu, Libin
Ye, Yuhang
Gao, Zhirong
Zou, Xide
Chen, Junfu
Gui, Ziming
Huang, Weizhi
Xue, Xiaobo
Qiu, Wenkai
Zhao, Kun
contents While powerful, the inherent non-determinism of large language model (LLM) agents limits their application in structured operational environments where procedural fidelity and predictable execution are strict requirements. This limitation stems from current architectures that conflate probabilistic, high-level planning with low-level action execution within a single generative process. To address this, we introduce the Source Code Agent framework, a new paradigm built on the "Blueprint First, Model Second" philosophy. Our framework decouples the workflow logic from the generative model. An expert-defined operational procedure is first codified into a source code-based Execution Blueprint, which is then executed by a deterministic engine. The LLM is strategically invoked as a specialized tool to handle bounded, complex sub-tasks within the workflow, but never to decide the workflow's path. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the challenging tau-bench benchmark, designed for complex user-tool-rule scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the Source Code Agent establishes a new state-of-the-art, outperforming the strongest baseline by 10.1 percentage points on the average Pass^1 score while dramatically improving execution efficiency. Our work enables the verifiable and reliable deployment of autonomous agents in applications governed by strict procedural logic.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_02721
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Blueprint First, Model Second: A Framework for Deterministic LLM Workflow
Qiu, Libin
Ye, Yuhang
Gao, Zhirong
Zou, Xide
Chen, Junfu
Gui, Ziming
Huang, Weizhi
Xue, Xiaobo
Qiu, Wenkai
Zhao, Kun
Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
Programming Languages
While powerful, the inherent non-determinism of large language model (LLM) agents limits their application in structured operational environments where procedural fidelity and predictable execution are strict requirements. This limitation stems from current architectures that conflate probabilistic, high-level planning with low-level action execution within a single generative process. To address this, we introduce the Source Code Agent framework, a new paradigm built on the "Blueprint First, Model Second" philosophy. Our framework decouples the workflow logic from the generative model. An expert-defined operational procedure is first codified into a source code-based Execution Blueprint, which is then executed by a deterministic engine. The LLM is strategically invoked as a specialized tool to handle bounded, complex sub-tasks within the workflow, but never to decide the workflow's path. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the challenging tau-bench benchmark, designed for complex user-tool-rule scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the Source Code Agent establishes a new state-of-the-art, outperforming the strongest baseline by 10.1 percentage points on the average Pass^1 score while dramatically improving execution efficiency. Our work enables the verifiable and reliable deployment of autonomous agents in applications governed by strict procedural logic.
title Blueprint First, Model Second: A Framework for Deterministic LLM Workflow
topic Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
Programming Languages
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02721