NASIM: Revealing the low surface brightness Universe from legacy VISTA data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Saremi, Elham, Trujillo, Ignacio, Akhlaghi, Mohammad, Ghaffari, Zohreh, Knapen, Johan H., Banerji, Manda, Dannerbauer, Helmut, Comerón, Sébastien
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Saremi, Elham
Trujillo, Ignacio
Akhlaghi, Mohammad
Ghaffari, Zohreh
Knapen, Johan H.
Banerji, Manda
Dannerbauer, Helmut
Comerón, Sébastien
author_facet Saremi, Elham
Trujillo, Ignacio
Akhlaghi, Mohammad
Ghaffari, Zohreh
Knapen, Johan H.
Banerji, Manda
Dannerbauer, Helmut
Comerón, Sébastien
contents Near-infrared imaging is a powerful technique in observational astronomy, but the bright background, primarily from the Earthś atmosphere, makes the detection of faint features particularly challenging. To recover low surface brightness (LSB) structures in such data, we present NASIM (Near-infrared Automated low Surface brightness reduction In Maneage), a fully automated and reproducible data reduction pipeline optimised for VISTA/VIRCAM observations. NASIM builds on GNU Astronomy Utilities (Gnuastro) to effectively remove large-scale instrumental artefacts while preserving faint, diffuse emission. As a key science application, we focus on deep Ks-band observations of the Euclid Deep Field South (KEDFS), one of the deepest VISTA/VIRCAM datasets and a high-priority field for synergy with current and future facilities, including Euclid, JWST, LSST, Roman, Spitzer, and ALMA. With VIRCAM no longer operational, KEDFS now stands as a unique legacy dataset. We release selected tiles from the KEDFS survey and highlight science cases, including galaxy outskirts, LSB galaxies, and intracluster light, that demonstrate NASIMś ability to recover diffuse structures. A direct comparison with conventional VISTA data reduction pipelines demonstrates the advantages of NASIM in preserving diffuse emission without compromising compact source detection. All quantitative results presented in this paper are fully reproducible with Maneage (commit 4d32667).
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_02780
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle NASIM: Revealing the low surface brightness Universe from legacy VISTA data
Saremi, Elham
Trujillo, Ignacio
Akhlaghi, Mohammad
Ghaffari, Zohreh
Knapen, Johan H.
Banerji, Manda
Dannerbauer, Helmut
Comerón, Sébastien
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Near-infrared imaging is a powerful technique in observational astronomy, but the bright background, primarily from the Earthś atmosphere, makes the detection of faint features particularly challenging. To recover low surface brightness (LSB) structures in such data, we present NASIM (Near-infrared Automated low Surface brightness reduction In Maneage), a fully automated and reproducible data reduction pipeline optimised for VISTA/VIRCAM observations. NASIM builds on GNU Astronomy Utilities (Gnuastro) to effectively remove large-scale instrumental artefacts while preserving faint, diffuse emission. As a key science application, we focus on deep Ks-band observations of the Euclid Deep Field South (KEDFS), one of the deepest VISTA/VIRCAM datasets and a high-priority field for synergy with current and future facilities, including Euclid, JWST, LSST, Roman, Spitzer, and ALMA. With VIRCAM no longer operational, KEDFS now stands as a unique legacy dataset. We release selected tiles from the KEDFS survey and highlight science cases, including galaxy outskirts, LSB galaxies, and intracluster light, that demonstrate NASIMś ability to recover diffuse structures. A direct comparison with conventional VISTA data reduction pipelines demonstrates the advantages of NASIM in preserving diffuse emission without compromising compact source detection. All quantitative results presented in this paper are fully reproducible with Maneage (commit 4d32667).
title NASIM: Revealing the low surface brightness Universe from legacy VISTA data
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02780