The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: III. Clump-to-core fragmentation and search for high-mass starless cores
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2025
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| author | Yang, Dongting Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Tie Liu, Xunchuan Xu, Fengwei Qin, Sheng-Li Tej, Anandmayee Garay, Guido Zhu, Lei Mai, Xiaofeng Jiao, Wenyu Zhang, Siju Dib, Sami Stutz, Amelia M. Palau, Aina Sanhueza, Patricio Zavagno, Annie Yang, A. Y. Tang, Xindi Tang, Mengyao Zhang, Yichen Garcia, Pablo Zhang, Tianwei Saha, Anindya Li, Shanghuo Goldsmith, Paul F. Bronfman, Leonardo Lee, Chang Won Taniguchi, Kotomi Das, Swagat Ranjan Gorai, Prasanta Hoque, Ariful Chen, Li Kou, Zhiping Zhou, Jianjun Zhang, Yankun Toth, L. Viktor Baug, Tapas Shen, Xianjin Li, Chuanshou Zou, Jiahang Das, Ankan Nazeer, Hafiz Dewangan, L. K. Hwang, Jihye Chibueze, James O. |
| author_facet | Yang, Dongting Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Tie Liu, Xunchuan Xu, Fengwei Qin, Sheng-Li Tej, Anandmayee Garay, Guido Zhu, Lei Mai, Xiaofeng Jiao, Wenyu Zhang, Siju Dib, Sami Stutz, Amelia M. Palau, Aina Sanhueza, Patricio Zavagno, Annie Yang, A. Y. Tang, Xindi Tang, Mengyao Zhang, Yichen Garcia, Pablo Zhang, Tianwei Saha, Anindya Li, Shanghuo Goldsmith, Paul F. Bronfman, Leonardo Lee, Chang Won Taniguchi, Kotomi Das, Swagat Ranjan Gorai, Prasanta Hoque, Ariful Chen, Li Kou, Zhiping Zhou, Jianjun Zhang, Yankun Toth, L. Viktor Baug, Tapas Shen, Xianjin Li, Chuanshou Zou, Jiahang Das, Ankan Nazeer, Hafiz Dewangan, L. K. Hwang, Jihye Chibueze, James O. |
| contents | The Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures (QUARKS) survey observed 139 infrared-bright (IR-bright) massive protoclusters at 1.3 mm wavelength with ALMA. This study investigates clump-to-core fragmentation and searches for candidate high-mass starless cores within IR-bright clumps using combined ALMA 12-m (C-2) and Atacama Compact Array (ACA) 7-m data, providing $\sim$ 1 arcsec ($\sim\rm0.02~pc$ at 3.7 kpc) resolution and $\sim\rm0.6\,mJy\,beam^{-1}$ continuum sensitivity ($\sim 0.3~M_{\odot}$ at 30 K). We identified 1562 compact cores from 1.3 mm continuum emission using getsf. Observed linear core separations ($λ_{\rm obs}$) are significantly less than the thermal Jeans length ($λ_{\rm J}$), with the $λ_{\rm obs}/λ_{\rm J}$ ratios peaking at $\sim0.2$. This indicates that thermal Jeans fragmentation has taken place within the IR-bright protocluster clumps studied here. The observed low ratio of $λ_{\rm obs}/λ_{\rm J}\ll 1$ could be the result of evolving core separation or hierarchical fragmentation. Based on associated signatures of star formation (e.g., outflows and ionized gas), we classified cores into three categories: 127 starless, 971 warm, and 464 evolved cores. Two starless cores have mass exceeding 16$\,M_{\odot}$, and represent high-mass candidates. The scarcity of such candidates suggests that competitive accretion-type models could be more applicable than turbulent core accretion-type models in high-mass star formation within these IR-bright protocluster clumps. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_03229 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: III. Clump-to-core fragmentation and search for high-mass starless cores Yang, Dongting Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Tie Liu, Xunchuan Xu, Fengwei Qin, Sheng-Li Tej, Anandmayee Garay, Guido Zhu, Lei Mai, Xiaofeng Jiao, Wenyu Zhang, Siju Dib, Sami Stutz, Amelia M. Palau, Aina Sanhueza, Patricio Zavagno, Annie Yang, A. Y. Tang, Xindi Tang, Mengyao Zhang, Yichen Garcia, Pablo Zhang, Tianwei Saha, Anindya Li, Shanghuo Goldsmith, Paul F. Bronfman, Leonardo Lee, Chang Won Taniguchi, Kotomi Das, Swagat Ranjan Gorai, Prasanta Hoque, Ariful Chen, Li Kou, Zhiping Zhou, Jianjun Zhang, Yankun Toth, L. Viktor Baug, Tapas Shen, Xianjin Li, Chuanshou Zou, Jiahang Das, Ankan Nazeer, Hafiz Dewangan, L. K. Hwang, Jihye Chibueze, James O. Astrophysics of Galaxies The Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures (QUARKS) survey observed 139 infrared-bright (IR-bright) massive protoclusters at 1.3 mm wavelength with ALMA. This study investigates clump-to-core fragmentation and searches for candidate high-mass starless cores within IR-bright clumps using combined ALMA 12-m (C-2) and Atacama Compact Array (ACA) 7-m data, providing $\sim$ 1 arcsec ($\sim\rm0.02~pc$ at 3.7 kpc) resolution and $\sim\rm0.6\,mJy\,beam^{-1}$ continuum sensitivity ($\sim 0.3~M_{\odot}$ at 30 K). We identified 1562 compact cores from 1.3 mm continuum emission using getsf. Observed linear core separations ($λ_{\rm obs}$) are significantly less than the thermal Jeans length ($λ_{\rm J}$), with the $λ_{\rm obs}/λ_{\rm J}$ ratios peaking at $\sim0.2$. This indicates that thermal Jeans fragmentation has taken place within the IR-bright protocluster clumps studied here. The observed low ratio of $λ_{\rm obs}/λ_{\rm J}\ll 1$ could be the result of evolving core separation or hierarchical fragmentation. Based on associated signatures of star formation (e.g., outflows and ionized gas), we classified cores into three categories: 127 starless, 971 warm, and 464 evolved cores. Two starless cores have mass exceeding 16$\,M_{\odot}$, and represent high-mass candidates. The scarcity of such candidates suggests that competitive accretion-type models could be more applicable than turbulent core accretion-type models in high-mass star formation within these IR-bright protocluster clumps. |
| title | The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: III. Clump-to-core fragmentation and search for high-mass starless cores |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03229 |