Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeech
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866913977801375744 |
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| author | Dinkar, Tanvi Jiang, Aiqi Frenda, Simona Gerrard-Abbott, Poppy Gunson, Nancie Abercrombie, Gavin Konstas, Ioannis |
| author_facet | Dinkar, Tanvi Jiang, Aiqi Frenda, Simona Gerrard-Abbott, Poppy Gunson, Nancie Abercrombie, Gavin Konstas, Ioannis |
| contents | Counterspeech, i.e. the practice of responding to online hate speech, has gained traction in NLP as a promising intervention. While early work emphasised collaboration with non-governmental organisation stakeholders, recent research trends have shifted toward automated pipelines that reuse a small set of legacy datasets, often without input from affected communities. This paper presents a systematic review of 74 NLP studies on counterspeech, analysing the extent to which stakeholder participation influences dataset creation, model development, and evaluation. To complement this analysis, we conducted a participatory case study with five NGOs specialising in online Gender-Based Violence (oGBV), identifying stakeholder-informed practices for counterspeech generation. Our findings reveal a growing disconnect between current NLP research and the needs of communities most impacted by toxic online content. We conclude with concrete recommendations for re-centring stakeholder expertise in counterspeech research. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_04638 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeech Dinkar, Tanvi Jiang, Aiqi Frenda, Simona Gerrard-Abbott, Poppy Gunson, Nancie Abercrombie, Gavin Konstas, Ioannis Computation and Language Counterspeech, i.e. the practice of responding to online hate speech, has gained traction in NLP as a promising intervention. While early work emphasised collaboration with non-governmental organisation stakeholders, recent research trends have shifted toward automated pipelines that reuse a small set of legacy datasets, often without input from affected communities. This paper presents a systematic review of 74 NLP studies on counterspeech, analysing the extent to which stakeholder participation influences dataset creation, model development, and evaluation. To complement this analysis, we conducted a participatory case study with five NGOs specialising in online Gender-Based Violence (oGBV), identifying stakeholder-informed practices for counterspeech generation. Our findings reveal a growing disconnect between current NLP research and the needs of communities most impacted by toxic online content. We conclude with concrete recommendations for re-centring stakeholder expertise in counterspeech research. |
| title | Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeech |
| topic | Computation and Language |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04638 |