Towards Robust Evaluation of Visual Activity Recognition: Resolving Verb Ambiguity with Sense Clustering

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Hauptverfasser: Yao, Louie Hong, Jarvis, Nicholas, Jiang, Tianyu
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Yao, Louie Hong
Jarvis, Nicholas
Jiang, Tianyu
author_facet Yao, Louie Hong
Jarvis, Nicholas
Jiang, Tianyu
contents Evaluating visual activity recognition systems is challenging due to inherent ambiguities in verb semantics and image interpretation. When describing actions in images, synonymous verbs can refer to the same event (e.g., brushing vs. grooming), while different perspectives can lead to equally valid but distinct verb choices (e.g., piloting vs. operating). Standard exact-match evaluation, which relies on a single gold answer, fails to capture these ambiguities, resulting in an incomplete assessment of model performance. To address this, we propose a vision-language clustering framework that constructs verb sense clusters, providing a more robust evaluation. Our analysis of the imSitu dataset shows that each image maps to around four sense clusters, with each cluster representing a distinct perspective of the image. We evaluate multiple activity recognition models and compare our cluster-based evaluation with standard evaluation methods. Additionally, our human alignment analysis suggests that the cluster-based evaluation better aligns with human judgments, offering a more nuanced assessment of model performance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_04945
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards Robust Evaluation of Visual Activity Recognition: Resolving Verb Ambiguity with Sense Clustering
Yao, Louie Hong
Jarvis, Nicholas
Jiang, Tianyu
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Evaluating visual activity recognition systems is challenging due to inherent ambiguities in verb semantics and image interpretation. When describing actions in images, synonymous verbs can refer to the same event (e.g., brushing vs. grooming), while different perspectives can lead to equally valid but distinct verb choices (e.g., piloting vs. operating). Standard exact-match evaluation, which relies on a single gold answer, fails to capture these ambiguities, resulting in an incomplete assessment of model performance. To address this, we propose a vision-language clustering framework that constructs verb sense clusters, providing a more robust evaluation. Our analysis of the imSitu dataset shows that each image maps to around four sense clusters, with each cluster representing a distinct perspective of the image. We evaluate multiple activity recognition models and compare our cluster-based evaluation with standard evaluation methods. Additionally, our human alignment analysis suggests that the cluster-based evaluation better aligns with human judgments, offering a more nuanced assessment of model performance.
title Towards Robust Evaluation of Visual Activity Recognition: Resolving Verb Ambiguity with Sense Clustering
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04945