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Main Authors: Wang, Jingjing, Liang, Pengyu, Wang, Tingyu, Li, Ming, Cui, Yanmei, Liu, Siwei, Huang, Xin, Li, Xiang, Zhang, Minghui, Zeng, Yunshi, Cao, Zhu, Feng, Jiekang, Hu, Qinghua, Luo, Bingxian, Cao, Bing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06892
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author Wang, Jingjing
Liang, Pengyu
Wang, Tingyu
Li, Ming
Cui, Yanmei
Liu, Siwei
Huang, Xin
Li, Xiang
Zhang, Minghui
Zeng, Yunshi
Cao, Zhu
Feng, Jiekang
Hu, Qinghua
Luo, Bingxian
Cao, Bing
author_facet Wang, Jingjing
Liang, Pengyu
Wang, Tingyu
Li, Ming
Cui, Yanmei
Liu, Siwei
Huang, Xin
Li, Xiang
Zhang, Minghui
Zeng, Yunshi
Cao, Zhu
Feng, Jiekang
Hu, Qinghua
Luo, Bingxian
Cao, Bing
contents Solar activity drives space weather, affecting Earth's magnetosphere and technological infrastructure, which makes accurate solar flare forecasting critical. Current space weather models under-utilize multi-modal solar data, lack iterative enhancement via expert knowledge, and rely heavily on human forecasters under the Observation-Orientation-Decision-Action (OODA) paradigm. Here we present the "Solar Activity AI Forecaster", a scalable dual data-model driven framework built on foundational models, integrating expert knowledge to autonomously replicate human forecasting tasks with quantifiable outputs. It is implemented in the OODA paradigm and comprises three modules: a Situational Perception Module that generates daily solar situation awareness maps by integrating multi-modal observations; In-Depth Analysis Tools that characterize key solar features (active regions, coronal holes, filaments); and a Flare Prediction Module that forecasts strong flares for the full solar disk and active regions. Executed within a few minutes, the model outperforms or matches human forecasters in generalization across multi-source data, forecast accuracy, and operational efficiency. This work establishes a new paradigm for AI-based space weather forecasting, demonstrating AI's potential to enhance forecast accuracy and efficiency, and paving the way for autonomous operational forecasting systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_06892
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Large Model Driven Solar Activity AI Forecaster: A Scalable Dual Data-Model Framework
Wang, Jingjing
Liang, Pengyu
Wang, Tingyu
Li, Ming
Cui, Yanmei
Liu, Siwei
Huang, Xin
Li, Xiang
Zhang, Minghui
Zeng, Yunshi
Cao, Zhu
Feng, Jiekang
Hu, Qinghua
Luo, Bingxian
Cao, Bing
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Space Physics
Solar activity drives space weather, affecting Earth's magnetosphere and technological infrastructure, which makes accurate solar flare forecasting critical. Current space weather models under-utilize multi-modal solar data, lack iterative enhancement via expert knowledge, and rely heavily on human forecasters under the Observation-Orientation-Decision-Action (OODA) paradigm. Here we present the "Solar Activity AI Forecaster", a scalable dual data-model driven framework built on foundational models, integrating expert knowledge to autonomously replicate human forecasting tasks with quantifiable outputs. It is implemented in the OODA paradigm and comprises three modules: a Situational Perception Module that generates daily solar situation awareness maps by integrating multi-modal observations; In-Depth Analysis Tools that characterize key solar features (active regions, coronal holes, filaments); and a Flare Prediction Module that forecasts strong flares for the full solar disk and active regions. Executed within a few minutes, the model outperforms or matches human forecasters in generalization across multi-source data, forecast accuracy, and operational efficiency. This work establishes a new paradigm for AI-based space weather forecasting, demonstrating AI's potential to enhance forecast accuracy and efficiency, and paving the way for autonomous operational forecasting systems.
title Large Model Driven Solar Activity AI Forecaster: A Scalable Dual Data-Model Framework
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Space Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06892