Observation and Modulation of the Quantum Mpemba Effect on a Superconducting Quantum Processor
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Xu, Yueshan Fang, Cai-Ping Chen, Bing-Jie Wang, Ming-Chuan Ge, Zi-Yong Shi, Yun-Hao Liu, Yu Deng, Cheng-Lin Zhao, Kui Liu, Zheng-He Li, Tian-Ming Li, Hao Wang, Ziting Liang, Gui-Han Feng, Da'er Guo, Xueyi Gu, Xu-Yang He, Yang Liu, Hao-Tian Mei, Zheng-Yang Xiao, Yongxi Yan, Yu Yu, Yi-Han Yuan, Wei-Ping Zhang, Jia-Chi Wang, Zheng-An Liu, Gangqin Song, Xiaohui Tian, Ye Zhang, Yu-Ran Zhang, Shi-Xin Huang, Kaixuan Xiang, Zhongcheng Zheng, Dongning Xu, Kai Fan, Heng |
| author_facet | Xu, Yueshan Fang, Cai-Ping Chen, Bing-Jie Wang, Ming-Chuan Ge, Zi-Yong Shi, Yun-Hao Liu, Yu Deng, Cheng-Lin Zhao, Kui Liu, Zheng-He Li, Tian-Ming Li, Hao Wang, Ziting Liang, Gui-Han Feng, Da'er Guo, Xueyi Gu, Xu-Yang He, Yang Liu, Hao-Tian Mei, Zheng-Yang Xiao, Yongxi Yan, Yu Yu, Yi-Han Yuan, Wei-Ping Zhang, Jia-Chi Wang, Zheng-An Liu, Gangqin Song, Xiaohui Tian, Ye Zhang, Yu-Ran Zhang, Shi-Xin Huang, Kaixuan Xiang, Zhongcheng Zheng, Dongning Xu, Kai Fan, Heng |
| contents | In non-equilibrium quantum systems, the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) emerges as a counterintuitive phenomenon: systems exhibiting greater initial symmetry breaking restore symmetry faster. It has been attracting broad interest in studying QME dynamics and potential applications in quantum information science. While theoretical exploration of QME has surged, experimental studies, specifically on its flexible modulation, remain limited. Here, we report the observation and modulation of QME using a superconducting processor featuring an all-to-all connected, tunable-coupling architecture that enables precise control from short- to long-range interactions. This platform allows independent manipulation of coupling regimes, on-site potentials, and initial states, enabling us to elucidate their roles in QME. To quantify symmetry restoration, we employ entanglement asymmetry (EA), derived from the reconstructed density matrix via quantum state tomography, as a sensitive probe. In strong short-range coupling regimes, EA crossovers during quenches from tilted Néel states confirm the presence of QME. In contrast, in intermediate coupling regimes, synchronized EA and entanglement entropy dynamics reveal the suppression of QME. Remarkably, QME reemerges with the introduction of on-site linear potentials or quenches from tilted ferromagnetic states, the latter proving robust against on-site disorder. Our study demonstrates flexible QME modulation on a superconducting platform with multiple controllable parameters, shedding light on quantum many-body non-equilibrium dynamics and opening avenues for quantum information applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_07707 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Observation and Modulation of the Quantum Mpemba Effect on a Superconducting Quantum Processor Xu, Yueshan Fang, Cai-Ping Chen, Bing-Jie Wang, Ming-Chuan Ge, Zi-Yong Shi, Yun-Hao Liu, Yu Deng, Cheng-Lin Zhao, Kui Liu, Zheng-He Li, Tian-Ming Li, Hao Wang, Ziting Liang, Gui-Han Feng, Da'er Guo, Xueyi Gu, Xu-Yang He, Yang Liu, Hao-Tian Mei, Zheng-Yang Xiao, Yongxi Yan, Yu Yu, Yi-Han Yuan, Wei-Ping Zhang, Jia-Chi Wang, Zheng-An Liu, Gangqin Song, Xiaohui Tian, Ye Zhang, Yu-Ran Zhang, Shi-Xin Huang, Kaixuan Xiang, Zhongcheng Zheng, Dongning Xu, Kai Fan, Heng Quantum Physics Disordered Systems and Neural Networks In non-equilibrium quantum systems, the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) emerges as a counterintuitive phenomenon: systems exhibiting greater initial symmetry breaking restore symmetry faster. It has been attracting broad interest in studying QME dynamics and potential applications in quantum information science. While theoretical exploration of QME has surged, experimental studies, specifically on its flexible modulation, remain limited. Here, we report the observation and modulation of QME using a superconducting processor featuring an all-to-all connected, tunable-coupling architecture that enables precise control from short- to long-range interactions. This platform allows independent manipulation of coupling regimes, on-site potentials, and initial states, enabling us to elucidate their roles in QME. To quantify symmetry restoration, we employ entanglement asymmetry (EA), derived from the reconstructed density matrix via quantum state tomography, as a sensitive probe. In strong short-range coupling regimes, EA crossovers during quenches from tilted Néel states confirm the presence of QME. In contrast, in intermediate coupling regimes, synchronized EA and entanglement entropy dynamics reveal the suppression of QME. Remarkably, QME reemerges with the introduction of on-site linear potentials or quenches from tilted ferromagnetic states, the latter proving robust against on-site disorder. Our study demonstrates flexible QME modulation on a superconducting platform with multiple controllable parameters, shedding light on quantum many-body non-equilibrium dynamics and opening avenues for quantum information applications. |
| title | Observation and Modulation of the Quantum Mpemba Effect on a Superconducting Quantum Processor |
| topic | Quantum Physics Disordered Systems and Neural Networks |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07707 |