SwarmVLM: VLM-Guided Impedance Control for Autonomous Navigation of Heterogeneous Robots in Dynamic Warehousing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zafar, Malaika, Khan, Roohan Ahmed, Batool, Faryal, Yaqoot, Yasheerah, Guo, Ziang, Litvinov, Mikhail, Fedoseev, Aleksey, Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zafar, Malaika
Khan, Roohan Ahmed
Batool, Faryal
Yaqoot, Yasheerah
Guo, Ziang
Litvinov, Mikhail
Fedoseev, Aleksey
Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
author_facet Zafar, Malaika
Khan, Roohan Ahmed
Batool, Faryal
Yaqoot, Yasheerah
Guo, Ziang
Litvinov, Mikhail
Fedoseev, Aleksey
Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
contents With the growing demand for efficient logistics, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being paired with automated guided vehicles (AGVs). While UAVs offer the ability to navigate through dense environments and varying altitudes, they are limited by battery life, payload capacity, and flight duration, necessitating coordinated ground support. Focusing on heterogeneous navigation, SwarmVLM addresses these limitations by enabling semantic collaboration between UAVs and ground robots through impedance control. The system leverages the Vision Language Model (VLM) and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to adjust impedance control parameters in response to environmental changes. In this framework, the UAV acts as a leader using Artificial Potential Field (APF) planning for real-time navigation, while the ground robot follows via virtual impedance links with adaptive link topology to avoid collisions with short obstacles. The system demonstrated a 92% success rate across 12 real-world trials. Under optimal lighting conditions, the VLM-RAG framework achieved 8% accuracy in object detection and selection of impedance parameters. The mobile robot prioritized short obstacle avoidance, occasionally resulting in a lateral deviation of up to 50 cm from the UAV path, which showcases safe navigation in a cluttered setting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_07814
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SwarmVLM: VLM-Guided Impedance Control for Autonomous Navigation of Heterogeneous Robots in Dynamic Warehousing
Zafar, Malaika
Khan, Roohan Ahmed
Batool, Faryal
Yaqoot, Yasheerah
Guo, Ziang
Litvinov, Mikhail
Fedoseev, Aleksey
Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
Robotics
With the growing demand for efficient logistics, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being paired with automated guided vehicles (AGVs). While UAVs offer the ability to navigate through dense environments and varying altitudes, they are limited by battery life, payload capacity, and flight duration, necessitating coordinated ground support. Focusing on heterogeneous navigation, SwarmVLM addresses these limitations by enabling semantic collaboration between UAVs and ground robots through impedance control. The system leverages the Vision Language Model (VLM) and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to adjust impedance control parameters in response to environmental changes. In this framework, the UAV acts as a leader using Artificial Potential Field (APF) planning for real-time navigation, while the ground robot follows via virtual impedance links with adaptive link topology to avoid collisions with short obstacles. The system demonstrated a 92% success rate across 12 real-world trials. Under optimal lighting conditions, the VLM-RAG framework achieved 8% accuracy in object detection and selection of impedance parameters. The mobile robot prioritized short obstacle avoidance, occasionally resulting in a lateral deviation of up to 50 cm from the UAV path, which showcases safe navigation in a cluttered setting.
title SwarmVLM: VLM-Guided Impedance Control for Autonomous Navigation of Heterogeneous Robots in Dynamic Warehousing
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07814